LOCATION PEAWICK VA+NC
Established Series
Rev. RLH-JHW-MHC
10/2021
PEAWICK SERIES
Soils of the Peawick series are very deep and moderately well drained with very slow permeability. They formed in clayey fluvial sediments on stream terraces of the Coastal Plain and Peidmont. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 45 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 58 degrees F, near the type location.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Aquic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Peawick loam--on a 2 percent slope in a loblolly pine plantation. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Oi--0 to 2 inches; undecomposed and partially decomposed leaves and twigs.
Ap--2 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine medium and coarse roots; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
Bt1--6 to 12 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; many fine medium and coarse roots; many medium clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--12 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; many fine medium and coarse roots; many medium clay films on faces of peds; few medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) soft masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bt3--19 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; common fine and medium roots; many medium clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct light gray (5Y 7/2) iron depletions and many medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) soft masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bt4--35 to 49 inches; light gray (5Y 7/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; common fine and medium roots; many medium clay films on faces of peds; extremely acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bt5--49 to 67 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm, sticky, plastic; few fine and medium roots; many medium clay films on faces of peds; 1 to 2 percent black and brown concretions; many medium prominent light gray (5Y 7/2) iron depletions; extremely acid. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 30 to 70 inches or more.)
TYPE LOCATION: Greensville County, Virginia; approximately 14.0 kilometers southeast of Emporia; 0.8 kilometers north northwest of junction of VA-622 and VA-625 and 15 meters west of VA-622.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is greater than 60 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 72 inches. The soil ranges from extremely acid through strongly acid unless limed. Quartz gravel commonly is less than 5 percent , but ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the soil. The particle size control section has more than 30 percent silt or more than 40 percent silt plus very fine sand. Aluminum saturation on the exchange complex is commonly greater than 50 percent and ranges from 8 to 15 meq/100 grams of soil. Fine flakes of mica are usually absent but range up to common. Few to common black and brown concretions are in some pedons.
The A horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 2 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4. Where the value is 2 or 3 it is less than 6 inches thick. It is fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.
The Ap horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 2 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4. Where value is 2 or 3, it is less than 6 inches thick. It is fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. It is clay loam or silty clay loam in some eroded areas.
The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 2 through 4. It is fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam.
The BE horizon, where present, that has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 4 through 8. It is loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 4 through 8. The lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 3 through 8, or it is multicolored. The Bt horizon is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
The Btg horizon, where present, is neutral or has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 0 through 2. It is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 3 through 8. It is loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
The BCg horizon, where present, is neutral or has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 5 through 7, and chroma of 0 through 2. It is loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
The Cg horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR through 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 through 7, and chroma of 0 through 2. It ranges from fine sandy loam to clay.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Annemaine,
Beason,
Cid,
Craven,
Creedmoor,
Dogue,
Eulonia,
Gritney,
Helena,
Lignum,
Nemours,
Nevarc,
Newco,
Rosenwall,
Sacul,
Stapp,
Telfair,
Vinita, and
Wolftever. The Annemaine, Newco, Nemours, and Sacul soils have dominant hue redder than 7.5YR. Beason, Craven, Dogue, Eulonia, and Wolftever soils have low or moderate shrink-swell in the Bt horizon. Cid and Helena soils have C horizons of saprolite. Creedmoor soils have a COLE value of 0.09 or more in the Bt horizon. Gritney soils have less than 30 percent silt. Lignum, Rosenwall, and Vinita soils have a solum less than 60 inches thick. Nevarc soils have low to moderate shrink-swell potential. Stapp and Telfair soils have a paralithic contact within depths of 60 inches and 20 to 40 inches, respectively.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Peawick soils are on treads and risers of stream terraces of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. These soils formed in clayey fluvial or fluviomarine sediments high in silt. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 38 to 54 inches and mean annual air temperature ranges from 57 to 65 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing
Craven and
Dogue soils these are the
Altavista,
Chickahominy,
Newflat,
State, and
Wickham soils. Altavista, State, and Wickham soils have less than 35 percent clay in the particle size control section and are on slightly higher parts of the landscape. Chickahominy and Newflat soils are more poorly drained and are on slightly lower parts of the landscape and adjacent to drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; slow to rapid runoff; slow internal drainage; very slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Forested areas are dominantly in loblolly pine, yellow-poplar, sweetgum, and white oak. Cultivated areas are used primarily for corn, soybeans, small grain, and pasture grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Coastal Plain and possibly Piedmont river terraces in Virginia, and possibly North Carolina, and other southern states. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Greensville County, Virginia, 1986.
REMARKS: Peawick soils have been included with the Craven and Dogue series in past mapping.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon-the zone from the soil surface to 6 inches (Ap horizon)
2. Argillic horizon-the zone from 6 to 67 inches (Bt horizon)
3. More than 30 percent silt in the particle-size control section
4. Redoximorphic features below 4 inches.
The soil horizon depths were revised on 10/2021 to ensure the description began at the soil surface.
SIR = VA0174
MLRA=133A, 136, 137, 153A
REVISED=5/26/94, MHC
ADDITIONAL DATA: Particle size, chemical, and mineralogical data for the typical pedon (S74VA41-86) are available from Virginia Tech Soil Survey Laboratories. In addition, the above data is available on 10 pedons, with particle size analysis and Virginia Tech quick test data on 60 other pedons.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
VA0174 PEAWICK 0- 15 57- 65 175-260 38- 54 20- 350
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
VA0174 NONE RARE 1.5-3.0 PERCHED NOV-MAR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
VA0174 0- 6 FSL L SIL 0- 0 75-100 10-25 -
VA0174 0- 6 CL SICL 0- 0 75-100 25-40 -
VA0174 6-67 CL SIC C 0- 0 75-100 35-60 -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
VA0174 0- 6 3.6- 5.5 .5-2. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW
VA0174 0- 6 3.6- 5.5 .5-1. 0- 0 0.2- 0.6 MODERATE
VA0174 6-67 3.6- 5.5 0.-.5 0- 0 0.0-0.06 HIGH
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.