LOCATION TAWTNUK WA
Established Series
Rev. PNP/KDPL/SBC
09/2019
TAWTNUK SERIES
Landscape--valleys
Landform--stream terraces, alluvial fans
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Parent material--alluvium derived from loess and basalt
Mean annual precipitation--310 to 380 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 9 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcic Haploxerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Tawtnuk fine sandy loam on a bench in an area of rangeland, on a 4-percent, southeast-facing slope
A1--0 to 10 cm; fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; many very fine pores; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary
A2--10 to 20 cm; fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; many very fine pores; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary
Bw1--20 to 48 cm; fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; many very fine pores; neutral (pH 6.7); clear wavy boundary
Bw2--48 to 81 cm; fine sandy loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; common very fine pores; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary
2Ck1--81 to 99 cm; extremely cobbly coarse sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, very dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine roots; many very fine pores; 30 percent gravel and 30 percent cobbles; carbonates on underside of cobbles; neutral (pH 7.3); abrupt smooth boundary
3Ck2--99 to 140 cm; extremely cobbly clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; few very fine pores; 40 percent gravel and 40 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary
3C--140 to 183 cm; extremely cobbly loamy coarse sand, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; 40 percent gravel and 40 percent cobbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary
4R--183 cm; basalt
TYPE LOCATION: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington, about 8 km northwest of White Swan; about 75 m north and 810 m west of the southeast corner of section 9, T. 11 N., R. 16 E., Willamette Meridian; latitude 46.4488677, longitude -120.8271865, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from section, township, and range)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Moisture control section--usually moist, but dry 90 to 105 consecutive days following summer solstice
Depth to bedrock--more than 150 cm
Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm--9 to 11 degrees C
Rock fragment content in particle-size control section--less than 15 percent in upper part, more than 35 percent in lower part
Thickness of mollic epipedon--20 to 50 cm
Depth to secondary carbonates--65 to 110 cm
A horizon
Reaction--6.1 to 7.3
Combined thickness--13 to 28 cm
Bw horizon
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture--fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam, sandy loam
Reaction--6.6 to 7.8
Combined thickness--41 to 61 cm
2Ck1 horizon
Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture of fine-earth fraction--very gravelly, very cobbly, or extremely gravelly fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam
Reaction--6.6 to 8.4
Thickness--13 to 71 cm
3Ck2 and 3C horizons
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
Value--5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
Combined thickness--0 to greater than 30 cm
COMPETING SERIES:
Asotin--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Bolicker--dry 75 to 90 consecutive days following summer solstice
Chard--less than 5 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section
Disautel--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a densic contact
Dufur--dry 80 to 90 consecutive days following summer solstice; less than 5 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section
Kidman--less than 5 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--425 to 610 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--310 to 380 mm
Mean January air temperature--about -2 degrees C
Mean July air temperature--about 20 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--about 9 degrees C
Frost-free season--130 to 150 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Anders--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Bickleton--fine-loamy; 100 to 150 cm (deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Cleman--irregular decrease in organic carbon as depth increases
Finley--ochric epipedon; aridic soil moisture regime
Rock Creek--20 to 50 cm (very shallow, shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--mainly livestock grazing
Vegetation--bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, spur lupine, Sandberg bluegrass
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East slopes of Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, south-central Washington; MLRA 8; small extent
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington; 2014
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--zone from the surface to a depth of 48 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 48 to 81 cm
*Secondary carbonates--zone from 81 to 140 cm
In 1987, this series originally was named the Patemos series. Tawtnuk is the Yakama word for medicine. The type location for this series is in the northwest part of Medicine Valley.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.