LOCATION VANELLA                 VA

Established Series
MEC/ Rev. MDJ
10/2014

VANELLA SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, mesic Typic Paleudults

TYPICAL PEDON: Vanella cobbly fine sandy loam--forested. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated).

Oe--0 to 5 cm (0 - 2 inches); moderately decomposed forest litter.

A--5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) cobbly fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many fine through coarse roots; 15 percent sandstone cobbles and 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)

E--10 to 18 cm (4 to 7 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) cobbly fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many fine through coarse roots; 15 percent sandstone cobbles and 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)

BE--18 to 61 cm (7 to 24 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common fine through coarse roots; 17 percent sandstone gravel and 8 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 50 cm thick)

Bt1--61 to 81 cm (24 to 32 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; few fine through coarse roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; 17 percent sandstone gravel and 8 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--81 to 130 (32 to 51 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) cobbly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; 17 percent sandstone cobbles and 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--130 to 165 (51 to 65 inches); red (2.5YR 4/8) cobbly clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; 17 percent sandstone cobbles and 5 percent gravel; very strongly acid. (Thickness of the Bt horizon is more than 89 cm)

TYPE LOCATION:
County: Rockbridge
State: Virginia
USGS Quadrangle: Collierstown, VA
Latitude: 37 degrees 49 minutes 5 seconds N (NAD 1983)
Longitude: 79 degrees 32 minutes 14.2 seconds W (NAD 1983)
Directions to the pedon: approximately 4250 feet North 327 degrees West of the intersection of VA-641 and VA-644; in the area of Little House Mountain
Elevation: 660 meters

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the Ochric epipedon: 0 to 60 cm (0 to 24 inches) (A, E and BE horizons)
Depth of the Argillic horizon: 60 to 165 cm (24 to 65 inches) (Bt horizons). The weighted average of clay is 18 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section.
Solum thickness: Greater than 150 cm (60 inches)
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 150 cm (60 inches)
Depth Class: Very Deep
Rock fragment content: 0 to 35 percent in the upper horizons and particle-size control section. Rock fragments can range from 0 to 60 percent below the control section. They consist of a mixture of subrounded and subangular fragments of sandstone, shale, quartzite, metasandstone and phyllite.
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid except where limed.

Range of Individual Horizons:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam

E, BE and BA horizons (if present):
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam

Bt horizon (upper part):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam or clay loam

Bt horizon (lower part):
Color--hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 4 to 8. Some pedons have mottles with high value and chroma.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay

COMPETING SERIES:
Claiborne--Claiborne soils have higher silt content

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Hills and mountains
Landform: Debris flows, hillslopes and mountain slopes
MLRA(s): 130A, 147
Hillslope Profile Position: Summits, backslopes and footslopes
Geomorphic Component: Interfluve, crest, nose slope, side slope, base slope and mountainflank
Parent Material: Old colluvium derived from sandstone, shale, limestone, quartzite, metasandstone and phyllite.
Slope: 3 to 35 percent.
Elevation: 1,000 to 3,000 feet
Frost-free period: 130 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 53 to 56 degrees F
Mean Annual Precipitation: 38 to 42 inches

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Culleoka soils--are on similar landscapes and formed in fine-loamy residuum
Escatawba soils--are oxyaquic
Faywood soils--are on similar landscapes and formed in clayey residuum
Groseclose soils--are on similar landscapes and formed in clayey residuum
Jefferson soils--have yellowish-brown subsoils and a decrease in clay content in the subsoil
Litz soils--formed in loamy-skeletal residuum
Lostcove soils--formed in younger colluvium
Murrill soils--formed in younger colluvium
Needmore soils--are on similar landscapes and formed in clayey residuum
Nolichucky soils--are on high stream terraces and formed in old alluvium
Oriskany soils--formed in younger colluvium
Poplimento soils--are on similar landscapes and formed in clayey residuum
Shottower soils--are on high stream terraces and formed in old alluvium
Tumbling soils--are on similar landscapes and are clayey
Westmoreland soils--are on similar landscapes and formed in fine-loamy residuum

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: None
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff Class: Low to high
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately high
Permeability Class (Obsolete): Moderate
Shrink-swell Potential Class: Low

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Most areas are in forest. Some areas are used for pasture and cultivated crops.
Dominant Vegetation: Chestnut oak, scarlet oak, post oak, Virginia pine, eastern white pine, and pitch pine.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: The Northern Appalachian Ridges and Valleys (MLRA 147) and the metasedimentary areas along the western flank of the Northern Blue Ridge (MLRA 130A).
Extent: Moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Rockbridge County, Virginia; 2008.

REMARKS: Vanella soils were previously mapped as Nella, Allen, Tumbling, Jefferson, Unison, Shottower and Nolichucky series.

Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 61 cm (0 to 24 inches) (A, E and BE horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 61 to 165 cm (24 to 65 inches) (Bt horizons)
Series control section--the zone from 60 to 112 cm (24 to 44 inches)

ADDITIONAL DATA: Ranges for morphology are based on 10 pedons. Lab data is available on three pedons: S00VA163-044, S00VA163-045, S00VA163-046.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.