LOCATION WINNSBORO SC+NC VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Winnsboro sandy loam on a 4 percent sloping broad ridge; pasture. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; common medium (5-6 mm) dark concretions; 3 percent angular pebbles of quartz; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
E--5 to 9 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; 3 percent angular pebbles of quartz; few medium (5-6 mm) dark concretions; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--9 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure; very firm, plastic; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine roots; many very fine pores; few fine dark concretions; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--16 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; common coarse distinct black (10YR 2/1) discrete bodies within peds; moderate coarse angular blocky structure; very firm, plastic; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; common very fine pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 10 to 32 inches)
BC1--20 to 30 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), black (10YR 2/1) and dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) loam; weak medium angular blocky structure; firm; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly sticky; few fine roots; common very fine pores; most ped interiors are relic rock material; common fine flakes of mica; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
BC2--30 to 38 inches; mottled strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), dark greenish gray (5G 4/1), black (10YR 2/1), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and olive gray (5Y 4/2) loam; weak medium angular blocky structure; firm, few distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; common very fine pores; most ped interiors are relic rock material; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the BC horizon is 0 to 28 inches)
C--38 to 51 inches; mottled dark greenish gray (5G 4/1), white (10YR 8/1), and black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam; massive; few distinct clay films in cracks and seams; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 40 inches thick)
Cr--51 to 65 inches; soft, weathered, moderately fractured mafic bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Fairfield County, South Carolina; 7.8 miles southeast of
Winnsboro; 2700 feet east of junction of State Highways 115 and 30; 850 feet southwest of junction of State Highway 30 and unmarked dirt road leading south; 150 feet west of unmarked dirt road.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to paralithic contact with soft bedrock is 40 to 60 inches. Depth to lithic contact with hard bedrock is more than 60 inches. The A horizon is strongly acid to slightly acid and the B and C horizons are slightly acid to mildly alkaline. Content of dark concretions ranges from few to common in some horizon of most pedons. Content of coarse fragments ranges from 0 to 50 percent in the A and E horizons and 0 to 35 percent in the Bt, BC and C horizons.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 8. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
The EB horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. Mottles in shades of yellow or brown may be present. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in shades of yellow, brown, olive, or black may be present. It is clay or clay loam. It is firm or very firm, sticky or very sticky, and plastic or very plastic.
The BC horizon, where present, is mottled in shades of yellow, brown, olive, or black, or it has a matrix with hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8 with few to common mottles in shades of yellow, brown, olive, or black. It is loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
The C horizon, is mottled in shades of yellow, brown, olive, gray, or black, or it has a matrix with hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8 with few to common mottles in shades of yellow, brown, olive, or black. It is loamy saprolite.
The Cr layer is soft, weathered, slightly to highly fractured mafic bedrock.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Archer, Bradyville, Conasauga, Mimosa, Talbott, and Wynott series in the same family, and the Colbert, Enon, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Orange, and Wilkes soils in related families. Archer soils have mottles in all parts of the argillic horizon and have limestone bedrock between 38 and 54 inches. Bradyville soils have red or yellowish red B horizons. Conasauga and Talbott soils have bedrock at less than 40 inches. Iredell soils have iron depletions in the lower subsoil. Mimosa soils formed in phosphatic limestone and are higher in content of phosphorous. In addition, the depth to hard limestone ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Colbert and Orange soils have smectitic mineralogy. Enon and Mecklenburg soils have a depth to bedrock of greater than 60 inches. Wilkes soils have a paralithic contact at depths of less than 20 inches. Wynott soils have a paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Winnsboro soils are on gently sloping to moderately steep Piedmont uplands. The soil formed in material mostly weathered from dark colored basic rocks. The average annual precipitation ranges from 44 to 48 inches, the mean annual air temperature ranges from 57 to 63 degrees F., and the frost-free season ranges from 200 to 230 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the similar
Enon,
Iredell,
Mecklenburg,
Orange,
Wilkes, and
Wynott series, and the
Armenia,
Cecil,
Coronaca,
Davidson,
Helena, and
Lloyd series. Armenia soils are poorly drained and have iron depletions of chroma 2 or less throughout the B horizon. Cecil, Coronaca, Davidson, and Lloyd soils have a redder hue throughout. Helena soils are moderately well drained and have base saturation of less than 35 percent.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium to rapid. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cleared areas are primarily used for pasture, hay, small grain, soybeans, cotton, and corn. Forested areas are primarily in pine and mixed hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Piedmont area of North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia, and possibly Georgia and Alabama. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fairfield County, South Carolina; 1977.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to 9 inches (Ap and E horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 9 to 20 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
2006 revision better defines coarse fragment content in profile.
REVISED = 11/2000 KSL; 05/2006 RHB; 07/2008 DTA
MLRA = 136
ADDITIONAL DATA:
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
SC0088 WINNSBORO 2-30 57-63 175-230 40-60 200-1400
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness SC0088 NONE >6.0 - - 40-60 SOFTSOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- SC0088 0-9 SL FSL 0-5 85-100 10-20 6-15 SC0088 0-9 SIL L 0-5 90-100 10-25 8-17 SC0088 0-9 SCL CL 0-5 85-100 20-35 10-20 SC0088 9-33 C CL 0-3 85-100 35-60 19-60 SC0088 33-51 L SCL SL 0-3 45-100 15-35 10-40 SC0088 51-65 WB - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll SC0088 0-9 5.1-6.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW SC0088 0-9 5.1-6.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW SC0088 0-9 5.1-6.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 MODERATE SC0088 9-33 6.1-7.8 0.0-1.0 0-0 0.06-0.2 HIGH SC0088 33-51 6.1-7.8 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.2-0.6 MODERATE SC0088 51-65 - - - - -