LOCATION OTWOOD KYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Otwood silt loam - hay field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; few flakes of mica; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--10 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) and black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of peds; common flakes of mica; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--22 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) and black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of peds; common flakes of mica; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Bt horizon 6 to 25 inches thick)
Btx1--27 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm; few very fine roots in vertical seams between prisms; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on prism faces and on secondary peds; common medium and coarse gray (2.5Y 6/1) and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) silt loam coatings on faces of prisms and as vertical seams; common fine and medium black (10YR 2/1) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) manganese and iron concretions and stains in interior of prisms and few fine black (10YR 2/1) manganese concretions in vertical seams; few fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses as iron accumulations; approximately 2 percent gravel; common flakes of mica; brittle in 80 percent of the mass; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btx2--34 to 42 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; very firm; many distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on prism faces and on secondary peds; common medium and coarse light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam coatings on prism faces and as vertical seams; common fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) manganese stains on faces of peds; many medium prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses as iron accumulations; common flakes of mica; brittle in 80 percent of the mass; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btx3--42 to 46 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam, weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on prism faces and on secondary peds; common medium light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam coatings on prism faces and as vertical seams; many medium distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) soft masses as iron accumulations; approximately 5 percent gravel; common flakes of mica; brittle in 80 percent of the mass; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the Btx horizon ranges from 14 to 36 inches)
B't1--46 to 64 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on ped faces and in pores; common fine black (10YR 2/1) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) manganese and iron stains on ped faces; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; approximately 5 percent gravel; common flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
B't2--64 to 70 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on ped faces; common fine black (10YR 2/1) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) manganese and iron stains on ped faces; common medium prominent gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions; common medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) soft masses as iron accumulations; approximately 8 percent gravel; common flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
B't3--70 to 83 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on ped faces; common fine black (10YR 2/1) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) manganese and iron stains on ped faces; common medium gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions; few fine prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) soft masses as iron accumulations; approximately 2 percent gravel; common flakes of mica; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
C1--83 to 87 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; massive; friable; common fine black (10YR 2/1) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) manganese and iron stains throughout; common flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C2--87 to 91 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine black (10YR 2/1) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) manganese and iron stains throughout; common flakes of mica; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Jefferson County, Kentucky; 1 mile south of Valley Station to the intersection of U.S. Highway 60 and State Highway 1934; 1 mile west to the intersection of State Highway 1230; 1000 feet south to the entrance of Farnsley-Moremen County Park; 1000 feet west into the park; 1800 feet north of park road; 500 feet west of railroad in hay field. Kosmodale Quad: (lat), (long).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 90 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Depth to the fragipan ranges from 20 to 36 inches. Fragments, commonly rounded pebbles or gravel, range from 0 to 5 percent above the fragipan and from 0 to 15 percent in the fragipan and below. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately alkaline.
The A and Ap horizon have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Some pedons have an A horizon with value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2 or 3 and are less than 8 inches in thickness. Texture is silt loam.
Some pedons have a transitional horizon between the A and Bt horizons.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Few to common redoximorphic features are in shades of brown, red, or yellow; some pedons have redox features in shades of gray in the lower 2 to 5 inches. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.
The Btx horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 8. Redoximorphic features range from few to many and are in shades of yellow, brown and gray, or it is an evenly mottled pattern without a dominant matrix color. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.
The B't and 2Bt horizon, where present, have colors similar to the Btx horizon. Redoximorphic features range from few to many and are in shades of brown, red, yellow, and gray, or it is an evenly mottled pattern without a dominant matrix color. Texture is loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay, or silty clay loam.
The C or Cg horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 8. Few to many redoximorphic features are in shades of brown, red, yellow, or gray, or it is an evenly mottled pattern without a dominant matrix color. Texture is typically stratified layers ranging from sandy loam to clay.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Apalona, Bedford, Cincinnati, Fountainville, Hosmer, Otwell, Solsberry, and Zanesville series. The Solsberry, Cincinnati, and Bedford soils formed in loess over materials of glacial origin. The Hosmer soils formed in loess deeper than 60 inches. Apalona, Fountainville, and Zanesville soils formed in loess over residuum of sandstone, siltstone, or shale on uplands. Otwell soils formed in 20 to 40 inches of loess over lacustrine and glacial outwash materials and are well drained.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Otwood soils are on nearly level to moderately steep stream and river terraces. Slopes commonly range from 0 to 12 percent, but the range allows up to 25 percent. These soils formed in a mixture of loess and silty alluvium and the underlying clayey or loamy residuum of shale, siltstone, sandstone, or limestone. Near the type location, the mean annual temperature is about 56.2 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation is about 44.4 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Nolin, Lindside, Newark, Elk, Wheeling, Belnap, McGary, Ginat, Melvin, and Weinbach soils. The well drained Nolin soils and the more imperfectly drained Lindside, Newark, Belnap, McGary, and Melvin soils are on adjacent flood plains. The well drained Elk and Wheeling soils, the somewhat poorly drained Weinbach soils, and the poorly drained Ginat soils are on adjacent terraces.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Negligible to high runoff. Permeability is moderate above the fragipan and slow to very slow permeability in the fragipan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the soil has been cleared and is used for growning corn, soybeans, small grains, tobacco, and hay. Some areas are used as pasture and woodland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The outer Bluegrass, Western Coal Fields, the Pennyroyal areas in Kentucky. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Warren County, Kentucky; 2000
REMARKS: This series was previously included in the Otwell Series.
Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 10 inches (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon - 10 to 83 inches (Bt, Btx, and 2Bt horizons)
Fragipan - 27 to 46 inches (Btx and 2Btx).
ADDITIONAL DATA: 76KY029-3