LOCATION VANCE                   NC+AL GA SC VA

Established Series
Rev. ENH:RAG
10/2021

VANCE SERIES


The Vance series consists of well drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in residuum weathered from acid crystalline rocks in the Piedmont. They are moderately deep to saprolite and very deep to bedrock. The soils are on ridges and side slopes. Slopes range from 2 to 25 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 44 inches and mean annual temperature is 61 degrees F. near the type location.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

TYPICAL PEDON: Vance sandy loam--in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy loam; weak medium and coarse granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)

Bt1--5 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay; few fine prominent red mottles; weak coarse prismatic primary structure that parts to moderate coarse angular blocky; very firm, sticky, plastic; common fine roots between peds; common fine pores; many prominent clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--14 to 23 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm, sticky, plastic; few fine roots between peds; few fine pores; many prominent clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--23 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay loam; many medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine angular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; few fine roots between peds; many fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common pockets of saprolite; strongly acid; gradual irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt subhorizons is 18 to 30 inches)

C--29 to 72 inches; multicolored saprolite that has a loam texture; massive; friable; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Wake County, North Carolina; 3.5 miles west of Wakefield Baptist Church, 600 feet northeast on farm road.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is 24 to 40 inches over saprolite. Depth to hard bedrock ranges from 6 to l0 feet or more. The soil is moderately acid to very strongly acid in the A horizon, unless limed. The B and C horizons are strongly or very strongly acid. Content of coarse fragments ranges from 0 to about 35 percent by volume in the A and E horizons and 0 to l0 percent by volume in the B horizon.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam or their gravelly analogues. Eroded phases are sandy clay loam or clay loam and chroma can range to 8.

The E horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam or their gravelly analogues.

The BA or BE horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in shades of red, brown, and yellow are present in most pedons. Texture is clay loam or sandy clay loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in shades of red, brown, and yellow are present in most pedons. The lower part may contain some low chroma mottles. Texture is clay, clay loam, or sandy clay with less than 30 percent silt. Consistence is very firm and plastic.

The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in shades of red, brown, and yellow are present in most pedons. The lower part may contain some low chroma mottles. Texture is clay loam, sandy clay loam, clay, sandy clay, or loam.

The C horizon is multicolored loamy saprolite weathered from felsic crystalline rock. Texture is variable and but commonly is clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam.

COMPETING SERIES: Series in the same family are Albertville, Badin, Bengal, Bonwier, Brockroad, Carnasaw, Catharpin, Cullen, Cunningham, Cuthbert, Enders, Endsaw, Fluvanna, Galilee, Gritney, Kirvin, Luverne, Masada, Mattaponi, Mayodan, McQueen, Nason, Remlap, Sweatman, Tatum, Totier, Townley, Urland, Uwharrie, and Williamsville soils. Albertville, Badin, Carnasaw, Cunningham, Enders, Endsaw, Nason, Sweatman, and Townley soils contain sandstone, shale, or other fine-grained coarse fragments. In addition, Badin, Bengal, and Townley soils have bedrock within 20 to 40 inches. Bonwier and Urland soils have less total moisture during the growing season. Brockroad and Catharpin soils have lithologic discontinuity within the series control section. Cullen, Tatum, Totier, and Uwharrie soils have hue of 5YR or redder. Cuthbert, Kirvin, and Williamsville soils contain ironstone coarse fragments. Fluvanna soils lack mica flakes in the control section. Galilee, Gritney, Luverne, Masada, Mattaponi, and Mayodan soils lack the very firm consistence. In addition, Gritney, Luverne, and Mattaponi soils have formed in marine sediments and Masada soils have formed in old alluvium. McQueen soils contain many mica flakes in the lower Bt horizon and substratum. Remlap soils have thick sola and clay content in the series control section that ranges from 60 to 75 percent.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Vance soils are on gently sloping narrow and broad ridges and sloping to moderately steep side slopes in the Piedmont. Slopes range from 2 to 25 percent. These soils formed in residuum weathered from felsic crystalline rock, primarily aplitic granite. Mean annual precipitation is about 44 inches and mean annual air temperature is about 6l degrees F. near the type location.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Appling, Cecil, Helena, Louisburg, Pacolet, Rion and Wedowee soils. All these soils, except Helena, lack the very firm consistence of the Bt horizon. Appling, Cecil, Pacolet, and Wedowee soils have kaolinitic mineralogy. Helena soils are in small depressions, head of drainageways, and along intermittent drainageways. Louisburg, Rion, and Wilkes soils have mixed mineralogy and less than 35 percent clay. In addition, Louisburg soils have a discontinuous Bt horizon.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Vance soils are well drained. Runoff is medium to rapid, and permeability is slow. A perched water table may occur above the Bt horizon for a few days following periods of high rainfall.

USE AND VEGETATION: The principal use is for cultivated crops and pasture. The remainder is in a mixed hardwood and pine forest. Dominant tree species are white oak, southern red oak, mockernut hickory, loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, and Virginia pine. Common understory plants are American holly, flowering dogwood, sassafras, sourwood, and hophornbeam.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Piedmont of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Franklin County, North Carolina; l938.

REMARKS: This description restricts the series to soils with very firm, plastic Bt horizons which lack, in the control section, low chroma mottles that are associated with wetness. Some low chroma particles and streaks in the lower Bt horizons of some pedons are incompletely weathered parent materials and not mottles indicative of wetness.

Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 5 inches (Ap horizon).

Argillic horizon - the zone from 5 to 29 inches below the surface (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons).

MLRA=136

TABULAR SERIES DATA:

SOI-5  Soil Name   Slope  Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip  Elevation
NC0039 VANCE       2- 25   58- 65  185-240  37- 60   350- 900 

SOI-5  FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind   Months  Bedrock Hardness
NC0039 NONE          6.0-6.0              -     60-60        

SOI-5  Depth  Texture                3-Inch  No-10  Clay%   -CEC-
NC0039  0- 5  FSL SL COSL             0-  5  80-100  8-20   2-  6
NC0039  0- 5  GR-SL GR-COSL           5- 10  55- 80  8-20   2-  6
NC0039  0- 5  SCL CL                  0-  5  90-100 20-35   4-  8
NC0039  5-29  CL SC C                 0-  5  90-100 35-60   7- 13
NC0039 29-72  VAR                      -       -      -      -   

SOI-5  Depth    -pH-     O.M.  Salin  Permeab   Shnk-Swll
NC0039  0- 5  4.5- 6.0  .5-2.  0- 0   2.0- 6.0  LOW      
NC0039  0- 5  4.5- 6.0  .5-2.  0- 0   2.0- 6.0  LOW      
NC0039  0- 5  4.5- 6.0  .5-1.  0- 0   0.6- 2.0  LOW      
NC0039  5-29  4.5- 5.5  0.-.5  0- 0  0.06- 0.2  MODERATE 
NC0039 29-72     -        -     -        -               


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.