LOCATION CULLEN VA+NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Cullen loam, in woods on an 11 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 4 inches; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--4 to 10 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--10 to 33 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--33 to 53 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common medium prominent yellow (10YR 7/8) mottles; strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky, plastic; few fine and medium roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 60 inches thick.)
BC--53 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay with pockets of clay loam; many medium prominent yellow (10YR 7/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Montgomery County, North Carolina; approximately 6.4 miles north of Uwharrie on North Carolina Highway 109 to Secondary Road 1156; 0.5 mile west on Secondary Road 1156 to Secondary Road 1179; 0.25 mile south on Secondary Road 1179; 1.5 miles east and south on USFS Road S97; about 80 feet west of road, in woods.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 40 to 60 inches or more. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. Content of rock fragments is 0 to 35 percent, by volume, in the A, Ap, and BA horizons, and 0 to 15 percent, by volume, in the Bt and BC, and 0 to 50 percent, by volume, in the C horizons. They commonly are from crystalline rocks. The soil is strongly acid to slightly acid except where limed.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 8. Value of 3 is restricted to A horizons less than 4 inches thick. It is silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam. Eroded horizons may be silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
The BA horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 4 to 8. It is loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. Many pedons have a subhorizon with a value of 3. High chroma mottles and dark streaks or stains occur in some pedons. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
The BC horizon has hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 or 8. High chroma mottles and dark streaks or stains are in some pedons. It is clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, silt loam, or loam.
The C horizon, where present, is highly variable and commonly contains shades of red, brown, and yellow. Generally it does not have a dominant matrix color. The C horizon is loam, silt loam, or clay loam and may contain 5 to 50 percent weathered crystalline rock fragments.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Badin, Catharpin, Cecil, Davidson, Fluvanna, Gaston, Georgeville, Lloyd, Mayodan, Mecklenburg, Nanford, Pacolet, Tarrus, Uwharrie, and Vance series are in closely related families. All of these soils are in a fine family. In addition, Badin soils have paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches. Catharpin soils have a lithologic discontinuity in the solum. Mecklenburg soils have mixed mineralogy. Davidson soils are dark red throughout and the solum is greater than 60 inches. Fluvanna, Nanford, and Vance soils have hue of 5YR or yellower in the upper part of the Bt horizon. Gaston soils have a dark surface layer. Lloyd soils are dark red throughout the upper 20 inches and are kandic. Mayodan soils formed in Triassic Basin sediments and do not allow rhodic colors in the Bt horizon. Tarrus soils have paralithic contact between 40 to 60 inches. Uwharrie soils have mixed mineralogy.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on gently sloping to steep uplands of the Piedmont Plateau. Slope gradients are dominantly 2 to 15 percent but range from about 0 to 35 percent. These soils formed in residuum weathered from mixed mafic and felsic crystalline rocks. The average annual temperature ranges from about 59 degrees F to 65 degrees F and the average annual precipitation ranges from 41 to 48 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the closely related Cecil, Davidson, Fluvanna, Georgeville, Lloyd, Mecklenburg, and Pacolet series, these are the Enon, Iredell, Madison, and Poindexter soils. Enon soils are not red and have slow permeability. Iredell soils have mixed mineralogy and a very high shrink swell potential. Madison soils are fine and contain many flakes of mica. Poindexter soils are fine-loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained with medium to rapid runoff and medium internal drainage. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of these soils are under cultivation and in pasture with the remainder in forest. Crops are small grain, corn, soybeans, cotton, hay, pasture plants and some fruit crops. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods and pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Piedmont areas of Virginia and North Carolina, and possibly South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Charlotte County, Virginia, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon - the zone between 0 and 4 inches.
2. Argillic horizon - the zone between 4 and 53 inches (Bt horizons).
MLRA=136
SIR=VA0050, VA0295 (Gravelly)
REVISED= 1/28/93, MHC. 9/30/98, DTA
ADDITIONAL DATA:
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation VA0050 CULLEN 0-35 59- 65 185-230 41- 48 300-1200 VA0295 CULLEN 0-25 59- 65 185-230 41- 48 300-1200SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness VA0050 NONE >6.0 - >60 VA0295 NONE >6.0 - >60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- VA0050 0-4 L SIL 0- 0 75-100 15-27 - VA0050 0-4 FSL 0- 0 75-100 15-20 - VA0050 0-4 CL 0- 0 75-100 27-40 - VA0050 4-53 C CL 0- 0 75-100 50-75 - VA0050 53-60 C CL SICL 0- 0 75-100 30-60 -
VA0295 0-4 GR-L GR-SIL 0- 0 50- 75 15-27 - VA0295 0-4 GR-FSL 0- 0 50- 75 15-20 - VA0295 0-4 GR-CL 0- 0 50- 75 27-40 - VA0295 4-53 C CL 0- 0 75-100 50-75 - VA0295 53-60 C CL SICL 0- 0 75-100 30-60 -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll VA0050 0-4 5.1- 6.0 1.-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW VA0050 0-4 5.1- 6.0 1.-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW VA0050 0-4 5.1- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE VA0050 4-53 5.1- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE VA0050 53-60 5.1- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE
VA0295 0-4 5.1- 6.0 1.-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW VA0295 0-4 5.1- 6.0 1.-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW VA0295 0-4 5.1- 6.0 .5-2. 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE VA0295 4-53 5.1- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE VA0295 53-60 5.1- 6.0 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 MODERATE