LOCATION ALDO WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Aldo sand, on a plane slope of 2 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 260 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) sand, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bw1--18 to 33 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--33 to 58 centimeters; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw3--58 to 107 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sand; single grain; loose; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C1--107 to 130 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--130 to 183 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Pepin County, Wisconsin subset; 4 miles south and 1 mile west of Meridean; located about 1,740 feet north and 1,615 feet west of the southeast corner of section 3, T. 25 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Meridean topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 40 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 49 minutes 07 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--more than 200 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--2 to 7 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--70 to 90 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent, gravel, mixed lithology; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles, mixed lithology
Ap horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--sand
Clay content--2 to 5 percent
Sand content--86 to 99 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters
A horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--sand
Clay content--2 to 5 percent
Sand content--86 to 99 percent
Reaction--pH 3.5 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 15 centimeters
E horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--coarse sand, sand, gravelly coarse sand, or gravelly sand
Clay content--2 to 5 percent
Sand content--86 to 99 percent
Reaction--pH 3.5 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 20 centimeters
Bw horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--sand, coarse sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--2 to 7 percent
Sand content--70 to 99 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--60 to 100 centimeters
C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--5 to 7
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly coarse sand
Clay content--0 to 4 percent
Sand content--90 to 99 percent, dominantly medium and coarse sand
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Acquango,
Bigapple,
Biltmore,
Boplain,
Breeze,
Caesar,
Chute,
Dabney,
Hodge,
Oakville,
Osolo,
Pahuk,
Penwood,
Perks,
Pinegrove,
Plainfield,
Poquonock,
Ronda,
Samoa,
Sardak,
Sarpy,
Scotah,
Spessard,
Suncook,
Tyner,
Wapanucket, and
Windsor series.
Acquango--are very slightly to moderately saline within the series control section
Bigapple--have anthrotransported materials over 100 centimeters thick
Biltmore--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Boplain--have a paralithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 100 centimeters
Breeze--have more than 10 percent (by volume) construction debris coarse fragments within the particle-size control section
Caesar--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Chute--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Dabney--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Hodge--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Oakville--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Osolo--have a sand content dominated by fine sand in the lower third of the series control section
Pahuk--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Penwood--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Perks--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Pinegrove--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Plainfield--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Poquonock--have a densic contact within 100 centimeters
Ronda--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Samoa--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Sardak--have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters
Sarpy--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Scotah--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Spessard--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Suncook--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Tyner--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Wapanucket--have a sand content of less than 70 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Windsor--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--sandy outwash
Landform--valley trains in glaciofluvial valleys
Slope--0 to 3 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 965 millimeters
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Frost-free period--145 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Near the type location these are the
Farrington,
Newson, and
Plainfield soils.
Farrington--are on lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Newson--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated from the surface of the soils to a depth of 0.3 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Plainfield--are on higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone between depths of 1.0 and 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--42.00 to 423.43 micrometers per second
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Wisconsin driftless section
MLRA--Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRR M; west-central Wisconsin
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-10 (La Crosse, Wisconsin)
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pepin County, Wisconsin, 1998. The name is coined.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 23 centimeters (Ap horizon);
udic moisture regime.
Prior to 1996, in Wisconsin, the concept of the Aldo series was included in the Brems series and the wet substratum phase of the Plainfield series (WI0380).
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.