LOCATION SCOTAH WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Scotah loamy fine sand, on a 1 percent slope, in a wooded area, on a high flat on the flood plain of the Chippewa River. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 10 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loamy fine sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; weak medium and coarse granular structure; very friable; common very fine to medium roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (8 to 25 centimeters thick)
Bw1--10 to 28 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine to medium roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw2--28 to 56 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 0 to 75 centimeters.)
C1--56 to 117 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sand; single grain; loose; few very fine and fine roots; a few thin strata of very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine sand and fine sand in the upper part; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
C2--117 to 145 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) stratified layers of fine sand, sand, and loamy fine sand; single grain; loose; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron accumulations; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C3--145 to 152 centimeters; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) iron accumulations; about 25 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Dunn County, Wisconsin subset; about 6 1/2 miles east of Downsville; located about 650 feet south and 1500 feet west of the northeast corner of section 1, T. 26 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Falls City topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 46 minutes 08 seconds N and long. 91 degrees 46 minutes 39 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--greater than 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--1 to 10 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--80 to 98 percent
Organic carbon content--irregular decrease with increasing depth
A horizon:
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, sand, or sandy loam
Clay content--2 to 15 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, gravel of mixed lithology; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles of mixed lithology
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Some pedons have an Ap horizon from 12 to 25 centimeters thick
Bw horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--sand, fine sand, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
Clay content--1 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 98 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, gravel of mixed lithology; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles of mixed lithology
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 7
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--stratified sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly analogues of these textures
Clay content--1 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 98 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent, gravel of mixed lithology; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles of mixed lithology
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Acquango,
Aldo,
Bigapple,
Biltmore,
Boplain,
Breeze,
Caesar,
Chute,
Dabney,
Hodge,
Oakville,
Osolo,
Pahuk,
Penwood,
Perks,
Pinegrove,
Plainfield,
Poquonock,
Samoa,
Sardak,
Sarpy,
Spessard,
Suncook,
Tyner, and
Windsor series.
Acquango--are very slightly to moderately saline within the series control section
Aldo--have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 1.1 to 1.8 meters for as much as 1 month per year in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Bigapple--have anthrotransported materials over 102 centimeters thick
Biltmore--are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 8 to 14 degrees C and a mean annual precipitation range of 900 to 1,520 millimeters
Boplain--have a paralithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 100 centimeters
Breeze--have more than 10 percent construction debris coarse fragments within the particle-size control section
Caesar--have a reaction range of extremely acid to moderately acid in the upper third of the series control section
Chute--have carbonates within the upper third of the series control section and do not have stratification within the series control section
Dabney--are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 10 to 11 degrees C and a mean annual precipitation range of 1,520 to 1,790 millimeters
Hodge--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Oakville--have a regular decrease in organic carbon with increasing depth
Osolo--have a cambic horizon that ranges from 50 to 100 centimeters in thickness and do not have stratification within the series control section
Pahuk--have a slope range of 5 to 17 percent and do not have stratification within the series control section
Penwood--have a reaction range of very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the series control section
Perks--do not have a cambic horizon and have thin or very thin stratification in the lower third of the series control section
Pinegrove--have a reaction range of extremely acid or strongly acid throughout the series control section and have rock fragments of sandstone and shale throughout the series control section
Plainfield--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Poquonock--have a densic contact with loamy till within a depth of 100 centimeters
Samoa--do not have a cambic horizon, do not have stratification within the series control section, and have matrix hues of 2.5Y or 5Y in the lower third of the series control section
Sardak--have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters
Sarpy--do not have a cambic horizon and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Spessard--have a reaction range of strongly acid to slightly acid throughout the series control section and are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 10 to 14 degrees C and a mean annual precipitation range of 880 to 1,140 millimeters
Suncook--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Tyner--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Windsor--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--sandy alluvium
Landform--level or gently undulating high flats and natural levees on flood plains
Slope--0 to 3 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--735 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Adrian,
Algansee,
Kalmarville, and
Plainfield soils.
Adrian--are at lower landscape positions in backswamps and have 40 to 130 centimeters of herbaceous organic material over sandy deposits
Algansee--are at lower landscape positions on lower flats and have a frequently saturated zone within depths of 0.3 to 0.6 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Kalmarville are at lower landscape positions on depressions and drainageways and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Plainfield--are at higher landscape positions do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within depths of 1.0 to 1.8 meters at some time from October to June in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation, an occasionally saturated zone occurs within a depth of 1.0 meter some pedons but is present less than 1 month per year in years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity10.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second
Flooding--occasionally flooded for brief duration in March to June
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are unimproved pastureland or woodland. Where areas are large enough to be cultivated, corn, soybeans, hay and small grains are the principal crops. The native vegetation is deciduous and coniferous trees with eastern white pine, northern pin oak, white oak, and jack pine being dominant species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Wisconsin driftless section and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104) and Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRR M; along major streams in southeastern Minnesota and southwestern Wisconsin
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dunn County, Wisconsin, 1997. The name is coined.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 10 centimeters (A horizon);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 10 to 56 centimeters (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons);
wetness feature--redoximorphic features at a depth of 117 centimeters (C2 horizon);
udic moisture regime.
Prior to 1996, the Scotah soils were mapped as the Abscota series which has been reclassified as Oxyaquic Udipsamments.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.