LOCATION CANDOR NC+SCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, kaolinitic, thermic Grossarenic Kandiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Candor sand--wooded. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
A--0 to 8 centimeters (about 0 to 3 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium, and few coarse roots; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 30 centimeters thick)
E--8 to 58 centimeters (about 3 to 23 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common fine, and few medium and coarse roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (20 to 90 centimeters thick)
Bt--58 to 94 centimeters (about 23 to 37 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; 5 percent clay bridging between sand grains; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (15 to 50 centimeters thick)
BE--94 to 112 centimeters (about 37 to 44 inches); brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) coarse sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters thick)
E'--112 to 145 centimeters (about 44 to 57 inches); pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) sand; single grained; loose; 15 percent pockets of clean sand grains; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizon is 15 to 90 centimeters.)
B't1--145 to 160 centimeters (about 57 to 63 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; 5 percent clay bridging between sand grains; 5 percent sand coats on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
B't2--160 to 175 centimeters (about 63 to 69 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; 10 percent clay bridging between sand grains; 10 percent medium prominent very pale brown (10YR 7/3) iron depletions and 15 percent medium faint red (2.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; 3 percent rounded 2 to 75 millimeter quartz fragments; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
B't3--175 to 203 centimeters (about 69 to 80 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 5 percent clay bridging between sand grains; 10 percent medium prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; 10 percent medium distinct red (2.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; red masses have weak medium platy structure and are very firm and brittle; 10 percent rounded 2 to 75 millimeter quartz fragments; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Montgomery County, North Carolina; about 3.0 miles south of Candor on U.S. Highway 220, about 4.6 miles southeast on Secondary Road 1003; about 0.7 mile north east on a field/woods road to a cable, 35 feet northeast of cable in woods, USGS Norman topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 12 minutes 13 seconds N. and long. 79 degrees 40 minutes 36 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the upper argillic horizon: 50 to 100 centimeters (about 20 to 40 inches)
Thickness of sandy horizons: 100 to less than 200 centimeters (about 40 to 78 inches)
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 200 centimeters (about 78 inches)
Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 100 centimeters (historically, greater than about 48), December to March
Rock fragment content: Less than 15 percent, by volume above 100 centimeters (about 40 inches) and below 100 centimeters, 0 to 35 percent.
(Effective) Cation Exchange Capacity: 0 to 3 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil in the A horizon; 0 to 2 in E and E' horizons, 0 to 2 in the Bt horizon, and 0 to 4 in the B't horizon
Organic matter content: 0.5 to 1.0 percent in the A horizon and less than 0.5 in E, E' Bt and B't horizons
Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid, except where limed
Mica content: 0 to 20 percent by volume, flakes of mica
Plinthite content: 0 to 10 percent below a depth of 150 centimeters (about 60 inches)
Fragic soil properties: 0 to less than 30 percent below a depth of 100 centimeters (about 40 inches)
Other features--0 to 20 percent, by volume fine to medium bodies of white kaolin.
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A horizon or Ap horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3
Texture--coarse sand or sand
Clay content: 1 to 4 percent
E horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture--coarse sand or sand
Clay content: 1 to 4 percent
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy coarse sand or loamy sand
Clay content: 1 to 8 percent
BE horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand
Clay content: 1 to 6 percent
E' horizon:
Color-hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8, or it is variegated in shades of these colors
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand
Clay content: 1 to 4 percent
E/B or B/E horizons (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand
Clay content: 1 to 10 percent
B't horizon (upper):
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8 or it is variegated in shades of yellow, brown, or red
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
Clay content: 3 to 12 percent
Redoximorphic features (where present)
--masses of oxidized iron in shades of yellow, brown, or red and below 48 inches iron depletions in shades of gray or white
B't horizon (lower) or B'tx horizons (where present):
Color--hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8 or is variegated in shades of yellow, brown, or red
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay
Clay content: 5 to 50 percent
Redoximorphic features---masses of oxidized iron in shades of yellow, brown, or red and below 48 inches iron depletions in shades of gray or white
BC horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand
Clay content: 1 to 15 percent
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of yellow, brown, or red and below 100 centimeters (about 40 inches) iron depletions in shades of gray or white
C horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Clay content: 5 to 50 percent
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of yellow, brown, red and iron depletions in shades of gray or white
COMPETING SERIES:
There are no competing series in the same family. In closely related families:
Autryville soils--soils have loamy Bt horizons between 50 and 100 centimeters (about 20 and 40 inches)
Blanton soils--lack an argillic horizon within 100 centimeters (about 40 inches)
Bonifay soils--lack an argillic horizon within 100 centimeters (about 40 inches)
Eustis soils--lack horizons that are loamy between 100 and 200 centimeters (about 40 and 78 inches)
Kenansville soils--soils have loamy Bt horizons between 50 and 100 centimeters (20 and 40 inches)
Lakeland soils--lack an argillic horizon within 100 centimeters (about 40 inches)
Molena soils--lack horizons that are loamy between 100 and 200 centimeters (about 40 and 78 inches) and have mixed mineralogy
Pocalla soils--soils have loamy Bt horizons between 50 and 100 centimeters (20 and 40 inches)
Tarboro soils--lack an argillic horizon within 200 centimeters (about 78 inches) and have mixed mineralogy
Troup soils--lack an argillic horizon within 100 centimeters (about 40 inches
Valdosta soils--lack horizons that are loamy between 100 and 200 centimeters (about 40 and 78 inches)
Wagram soils--soils have loamy Bt horizons between 50 and 100 centimeters (about 30 and 40 inches)
Wakulla soils--lack horizons that are loamy between 100 and 200 centimeters (about 40 and 78 inches)
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Sandhills, Upper coastal plain
Landform: Uplands, sand sheets
Landform Position (three-dimensional): Interfluves, side slopes
Landform Position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Parent Material: Marine deposits and eolian sediments
Elevation: 85 to 230 meters (about 275 to 750 feet)
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 14 to 21 degrees C. (about 57 to 70 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 965 to 1300 millimeters (about 38 to 52 inches)
Frost Free Period: 190 to 245 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Blaney soils--have loamy argillic horizons within 100 centimeters (about 40 inches)
Blanton soils--lack an argillic horizon within 100 centimeters (about 40 inches)
Bonifay soils--lack an argillic horizon within 100 centimeters (about 40 inches)
Eustis soils--lack horizons that are loamy between 100 and 200 centimeters (about 40 and 80 inches)
Fuquay soils--have loamy argillic horizons within 100 centimeters (about 40 inches)
Gilead soils--are aquic and clayey
Lakeland soils--lack an argillic horizon within 200 centimeters (about 80 inches
Pelion soils--are aquic and fine-loamy
Pocalla soils--soils have loamy Bt horizons between 50 and 100 centimeters (about 20 and 40 inches
Tarboro soils--lack an argillic horizon within 80 inches, and have mixed mineralogy
Wagram soils--soils have loamy Bt horizons between 50 and 100 centimeters (about 20 and 40 inches)
Wakulla soils--lack horizons that are loamy between 100 and 200 centimeters (about 40 and 80 inches)
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class (Agricultural): Somewhat excessively drained
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Deep or very deep (greater than 100 centimeters); common (3 to 5 months)
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible to medium
Permeability: Rapid (6.0 to 20 inches per hour) in the upper part, moderate or moderately slow (0.2 to 2.0 inches per hour) in the lower part
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: About one-third or more of the acreage is in native vegetation and the remainder is in field and horticultural crops.
Dominant Vegetation: Where wooded--blackjack oak, turkey oak, bluejack oak, post oak, longleaf pine, and occasional hickory or dogwood. Where cultivated--principal horticultural crops grown are peaches, apples, and grapes. The principal field and forage crops grown are watermelons, corn, soybeans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, tobacco, coastal bermuda, and sericea lespedeza. Longleaf pine needles are commonly harvested.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Sandhills and upper Coastal Plain of North Carolina and South Carolina and possible Georgia
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cumberland and Hoke Counties, North Carolina; 1982.
REMARKS: The Candor series is established for soils in a sandy family that have sufficient clay increase to qualify for an argillic horizon within 100 centimeters and have loamy or finer texture from 100 to 200 centimeters. Candor soils occurring on smooth to gentle landscapes on interstream divides may contain plinthite (3 to 10 percent) at depths of more than 150 centimeters. The criteria for placing this series in Kandiudults is based on the double clay bulge argillic horizon extending to 150 centimeters or more. Candor soils have been included in mapping with the Blanton series in North Carolina.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 58 centimeters (about 23 inches); Ap and E horizons
Grossarenic feature--sand and loamy sand texture in the horizons from the surface to a depth of 160 centimeters (about 63 inches); Ap, E, Bt, BE, E' and B't1 horizons
Upper argillic horizon--the zone from 58 to 94 centimeters (about 23 to 37 inches); Bt horizon
Lower argillic horizon--the zone from 145 to 203 centimeters (about 57 to 63 inches); B't1 horizons
Kandic horizon--the zone from 160 to 203 centimeters (about 63 to 80 inches); B't2 and B't3 horizons
ADDITIONAL DATA: Particle size data from 3 pedons; North Carolina State University, Department of Soils, 8/81. Characterization Data; NSSC, Pedon (S03NC123003); Project (C204USNC115).