LOCATION JOANNA             PA
Established Series
MS-MJ
02/2008

JOANNA SERIES


The Joanna (Cornwall) series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in residuum from interbedded Triassic red sandstone and conglomerate containing quartz pebbles. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high. Slopes range from 0 to 60 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 43 inches. Mean annual temperature is 53 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults

TYPICAL PEDON: Joanna (Cornwall) loam - cultivated (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) loam; weak fine granular structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 5 percent rounded gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 10 inches thick).

Bt1--8 to 21 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common distinct clay films; 5 percent rounded gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick).

Bt2--21 to 39 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common distinct clay films; 10 percent rounded gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick).

BC--39 to 45 inches; weak red (10R 4/4) loam; moderate coarse blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; few faint clay films; 10 percent rounded gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 17 inches thick).

C1--45 to 63 inches; weak red (10R 4/4) loam; massive; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 10 percent rounded gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C2--63 to 85 inches; weak red (10R 4/4) sandy loam; massive; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 10 percent rounded gravel; very strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Berks County, Robeson Township, 1 mile east-southeast of Plowville, 67 feet southwest of driveway to Green Hills Sportsmans club, 40 feet west of Pennsylvania route t335. USGS Morgantown topographic quadrangle: lat. 40 degrees 12 minutes 26 seconds N and long. 75 degrees 53 minutes 36 seconds W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 30 to 55 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 72 inches. Content of rock fragments in the control section ranges from 5 to about 25 percent, from 5 to 15 percent in the A horizon, and from 5 to 40 percent in the individual B and C horizons. Rock fragments are Triassic sandstone, conglomerate and rounded quartz gravels from the weathered conglomerate. Unlimed reaction is extremely acid to strongly acid.

The Ap or A horizons have hue of 10YR to 5YR, Value of 3 to 5, and Chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loam or silt loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is weak fine granular or weak fine subangular blocky.

The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture of the fine earth fraction is loam, clay loam or silty clay loam. Structure is moderate fine to coarse subangular blocky.

The C horizon has the same color ranges as the Bt. Textures are loam, sandy loam or rarely loamy sand. Structure is weak fine subangular blocky or massive.

COMPETING SERIES: Arcola, Bedington, Bucks, Collington, Edgemont, Edneytown, Freehold, Germania, Gilpin, Gladstone, Leedsville, Millstone, Pennval, Pigeonroost, Pineville, Quakertown, Rayne, Shelocta, Syenite and Wist series are in the same family. Arcola soils are less than 60 inches to bedrock or Cr horizons. Bedington and Shelocta soils have an argillic horizon extending below 40 inches and have higher chroma Bt horizons. Bucks soils have a silty loess influenced upper solum with less than 5 percent rock fragments and bedrock at less than 50 inches. Collington, Freehold and Wist soils contain glauconite. Edgemont, Edneytown, Quakertown, Pineville and Rayne soils have B horizons with hue of 7.5YR or yellower. Germania series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvial fans. Gilpin, and Syenite soils have bedrock between 20 and 40 inches. Gladstone soils are well drained formed in residuum and colluvium from granitic gneiss. Leedsville soils formed in residuum from Triassic-Jurassic interbedded sandstone and conglomerate of the Culpeper Basin. Millstone soils formed in loamy alluvium. Pennval are well drained soils formed in colluvium from interbedded shale and siltstone, or sandstone on footslopes of prominent valley ridges. Pigeonroost soils formed in residuum affected by soil creep in the upper part and weathered from felsic to mafic, igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks.
Soils in closely related families are: The Albemarle, Allegheny, Allenwood, Arendtsville, Aura, Birdsboro, Brasstown, Butano, Chester, Chetwynd, Chillmark, Clymer, Cowee, Elsinboro, Eubanks, Frankstown, Glenelg, Junaluska, Leck Kill, Lonon, Meadowville, Murrill, Nixon, Shouns, Tate, Thurmont, Ungers, and Whiteford. Albemarle soils have rock fragments of arkosic sandstone. Allegheny, Allenwood, Aura, and Thurmont soils have an argillic horizon extending below 40 inches and have higher chroma Bt horizons. Arendtsville soils have rock fragments of aporhyolite. Birdsboro soils are on terraces and formed in old alluvial deposits and do not have angular fragments of traissic sandstone in the solum. Brasstown, Cowee, Junaluska soils are less than 60 inches to bedrock or Cr horizons. Butano soils have bedrock between 20 and 40 inches. Chester, Glenelg, and Tate soils have rock fragments of gneiss, granite, or schist. Chetwynd, soils have hues yellowier than 5YR. Chilmark and Clymer soils have B horizons with hue of 7.5YR or yellowier. Elsinboro soils contain fragments of mica, particularly in the lower part of the solum and C horizon underlain by stratified sand and gravel. Eubanks soils have angular quartz sand grains in the solum. Frankstown soils have rock fragments of limestone and/or chert. Leck Kill soils have a channery rock fragments and do not contain rounded fragments of quartz. Meadowville soils contain mica. Murrill soils have a solum greater than 60 inches thick. Nixon soils have quartzite rock fragments, 70 percent of which are cobble size. Shouns soils formed in colluvium from sandstone, siltstone, and shale. They are on the lower part of hillsides, benches, and foot slopes and commonly have silty clay loam Bt horizons. Ungers soils formed in residuum from red sandstone and shale and are in MLRA 147 on mountain ridge tops. Whiteford formed in residuum from dark colored slate and/or phyllite.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on gently sloping to very steep convex hill slopes with gradients of about 0 to 50 percent. Slopes of 3 to 15 percent are the most common. The regolith is loamy residuum weathered from interbedded red sandstone and conglomerate of Triassic age. The climate is humid temperate; mean annual rainfall ranges from 38 to 48 inches, mean annual air temperature ranges from 48 to 55 degrees F., and the growing season ranges from 160 to 200 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the competing Bucks, Croton, Edgemont, Lansdale, Neshaminy, Penn, Readington and Steinsburg series. Bucks soils have silty upper horizons from loess. Croton soils have fragipans, Edgemont soils are yellowier in color, Lansdale soils have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Neshaminy, Penn, and Readington soils have more than 35 percent base saturation. Steinsburg soils are coarse loamy with out argillic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium to high and saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high.

USE AND VEGETATION: Much of the gently sloping areas are cultivated and used for growing grain and hay crops. Steeper and stony areas are used for pasture and forest. Native vegetation is of the oak-hickory forest type.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Triassic parts of the Piedmont Province in Pennsylvania and Maryland. The series is inextensive with roughly 10,000 acres.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Berks County, Pennsylvania, 1992.

REMARKS: This series includes soils formerly correlated as Ungers in Lancaster and Lebanon Counties, Pennsylvania. It is differentiated from Ungers on the basis of Triassic age sandstone and conglomerate in the solum and substratum.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 8 inches.

b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 8 inches to a depth of about 39 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).

2007 revision updates pedon description, competing soils, and geographically associated soils. Prior 7/2001 NJC-EAW


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.