LOCATION HOKANS MN
Established Series
Rev. TLP-BMS-JJB
08/2015
HOKANS SERIES
The Hokans series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in till of the Late Wisconsin glaciation. These soils are on nearly level to gently undulating moraines on till plains. Slope ranges from 1 to 6 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 5 degrees C (41 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 665 millimeters (26 inches).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hokans loam, in a map unit of Hokans-Buse complex, 2 to 6 percent slopes, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 23 centimeters (0 to 9 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout; about 2 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
A--23 to 38 centimeters (9 to 15 inches); black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout; about 2 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary.
Bw--38 to 56 centimeters (15 to 22 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout; about 2 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary.
Bk--56 to 102 centimeters (22 to 40 inches); light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout; carbonates disseminated throughout; about 2 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual smooth boundary.
C--102 to 203 centimeters (40 to 80 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions and few medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron-manganese concentrations; about 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) - Rolling Till Prairie (102A); Swift County, Minnesota subset; located about 1 mile west of Kerkhoven; located about 100 feet east and 300 feet north of the southwest corner of section 20, T. 120 N., R. 37 W.; USGS Kerkhoven topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 10 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 20 minutes 57 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedons--18 to 39 centimeters (7 to 15 inches)
Depth to carbonates--50 to 75 centimeters (20 to 30 inches)
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 35 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 45 percent, 25 to 35 percent fine sand and coarser
Rock fragment content in the particle-size control section--1 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent
Sand content--35 to 45 percent
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.8
Thickness--18 to 39 centimeters (7 to 15 inches)
Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--35 to 45 percent
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.8
Thickness--15 to 38 centimeters (6 to 15 inches)
Bk horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--35 to 45 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--15 to 30 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Thickness--15 to 155 centimeters (6 to 61 inches)
C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--20 to 35 percent
Sand content--35 to 45 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--10 to 20 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Barnes,
Byrne,
Doburg,
Doland,
Formdale,
Venagro, and
Vienna series.
Barnes--are on slopes greater than 6 percent and do not have a frequently saturated zone within 150 centimeters during the wettest periods of normal years
Byrne--do not have rock fragments in the upper fourth of the series control section
Doburg--do not have rock fragments in the upper third of the series control section
Doland--have a sand content of less than 20 percent fine sand and coarser in the upper fourth of the series control section
Formdale--have a sand content of less than 30 percent in the particle-size control section
Venagro--do not have rock fragments in the upper two thirds of the series control section
Vienna--have less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser in the upper fourth of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--till of the Late Wisconsin glaciation
Landform--nearly level to gently undulating moraines on till plains
Slope--1 to 6 percent
Elevation--280 to 650 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 8 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--550 to 780 millimeters
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Balaton,
Buse,
Parnell, and
Vallers soils.
Balaton--are on slightly lower landscape positions have a calcic horizon within a depth of 40 centimeters, and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.5 meters during April to June in normal years
Buse--are on slightly higher landscape positions and do have a frequently saturated zone within 1.5 meters during April to June in normal years
Parnell--are on lower landscape positions in depressions and have a frequently saturated zone within 0.5 meters during April to June in normal years and are ponded occasionally or frequently
Vallers--are on lower landscape positions in swales and have a frequently saturated zone within 0.15 meters during April to June in normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within depths of 1.0 to 1.5 meters during April to June in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.41 to 14.11 micrometers per second (moderately high to high) (0.20 to 2.00 inches per hour)
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. Principal crops include corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, western wheatgrass, needleandthread, green needlegrass, blue grama and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western lake section
MLRA--Rolling Till Prairie (102A)
LRR--Central Feed Grains and Livestock Region (M); west-central and southwestern Minnesota
Extent--large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Swift County, Minnesota. 2000.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 38 centimeters (0 to 15 inches) (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 38 to 56 centimeters (15 to 22 inches) (Bw horizon);
calcic horizon--the zone from a depth of 56 to 102 centimeters (22 to 40 inches) (Bk horizon);
These soils were formerly included with the Barnes soils. In the eastern part of MLRA 102A soil saturation frequently occurs at depths of 1 to 1.5 meters in normal years.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, twelfth edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.