LOCATION KAZAKOF AK

Established Series
Rev. CAP
06/2025

KAZAKOF SERIES

Depth class: moderately deep
Drainage class: well drained
Parent material: herbaceous organic material over sandy and loamy volcanic ash over medial silty volcanic ash over residuum weathered from graywacke
Landscape: Islands
Landform: mountain, hills, and ridges
Slopes: 10 to 70 percent
Mean annual precipitation: about 2250 mm (88.5 in)
Mean annual temperature: -about 2 degrees C. (34 F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Medial-skeletal, ferrihydritic Andic Humicryods

TYPICAL PEDON: Kazakof ashy sandy loam - in a spruce forest at elevation 64 meters (210 feet). (All colors are for moist soil)

Oe--0 to 8 centimeters (0 to 3 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2), dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2), dry; moderately decomposed plant material; very friable, soft, nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; very strongly acid (pH 4.7); abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 13 cm, 1 to 5 in thick)

C1--8 to 12 centimeters (3 to 5 inches); 75 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), light gray (10YR 7/2), dry; ashy very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable, soft, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear smooth boundary.

C2--12 to 15 centimeters (5 to 6 inches); 80 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and 20 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) ashy loamy sand; single grain; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; strongly acid (pH 5.1); abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness is 0 to 30 cm, 0 to 12 in thick)

2A1--15 to 18 centimeters (6 to 7 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) medial silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable, soft, nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine and fine, common medium and coarse roots throughout; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear wavy boundary.

2A2--18 to 22 centimeters (7 to 9 inches); 60 percent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and 40 percent very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) medial silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable, soft, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots throughout; very strongly acid (pH 4.8); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness is 3 to 15 cm, 1 to 6 in thick)

2Bhs1--22 to 32 centimeters (9 to 13 inches); 65 percent dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2) and 35 percent black (7.5YR 2.5/1) highly organic medial silt loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, medium roots throughout; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear wavy boundary.

2Bhs2--32 to 55 centimeters (13 to 22 inches); 60 percent very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) and 40 percent dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) very gravelly medial highly organic silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots throughout; 40 percent gravel and 15 percent cobble; strongly acid (pH 5.1); gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness is 15 to 36 cm, 6 to 14 in thick)

2Bw--55 to 85 centimeters (22 to 34 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) extremely gravelly medial silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; 45 percent gravel and 20 percent cobble; strongly acid (pH 5.2), abrupt wavy boundary. (20 to 41 cm, 8 to 16 in thick)

3R--85 to 110 centimeters (34 to 44 inches); indurated bedrock.

TYPE LOCATION: Kodiak Archipelago Soil Survey Area, Alaska; Latitude 58 degrees 19 minutes 16.00 seconds and Longitude 152 degrees 28 minutes 26.00 seconds west, UTM north 6464581.84 and UTM east 530818.93, zone 5, Datum WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture regime: udic
Mean annual soil temperature: 1.6 to 3.3 degrees C. (34.8 to 37.9 degrees F.)
Thickness of organic material: 3 to 15 cm (1 to 6 in)
Thickness of 1912 ash: 1 to 30 cm (1 to 12 in)
Depth to andic properties: 3 to 43 cm (1 to 17 in)
Depth to spodic horizon: 6 to 58 cm (2 to 23 in)
Depth to lithic contact: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in)

Oa, Oe, Oi horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10 YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: slightly, moderately, or highly decomposed plant material
Organic matter: 60 to 90 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10 YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: (ashy and glassy) sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt loam
Sand: 30 to 90 percent
Clay: 2 to 8 percent
Silt: 10 to 55 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

2A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10 YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: medial silt loam, silt, loam, and very fine sandy loam or their gravelly analogues
Rock fragments: 0 to 50 percent
Silt: 40 to 90 percent
Clay: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to moderately acid

2Bhs or 2Bs horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: (medial) silt loam, silt, loam, or very fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues
Silt: 40 to 90 percent
Clay: 2 to 12 percent
Rock Fragments: 25 to 85 percent
Reaction Class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

2Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10 YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: (medial) silt loam, silt, loam, or very fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues
Silt: 40 to 90 percent
Clay: 2 to 12 percent
Fragments: 35 to 85 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to moderately acid

3R horizon:
Strongly to indurated bedrock.

Some pedons have a thin 3C horizon of loamy-skeletal glacial till that do not affect soil properties and interpretations and/or lithic contact greater than 100 cm (40 in).

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Deming, Hinker, and Shuksan series.
Deming soils lack recent glassy and ashy surface horizons, lack lithic contact within 150cm (60 in), have glacial till substratum, and occur on mountain flanks.
Hinker soils lack recent glassy and ashy surface horizons, have mean annual soil temperatures greater than 5 degrees C (41 degrees F.) and occur on mountain flanks.
Shusksan soils lack recent glassy and ashy surface horizons, have densic glacial till substratum, have mean annual soil temperatures greater than 5 degrees C (41 degrees F.) and occur on mountain flanks and plateaus.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation: 5 to 400 meters (15 to 1350 feet)
Parent material: moderately decomposed herbaceous organic material over sandy and loamy volcanic ash over medial silty volcanic ash over residuum weathered from graywacke
Landform: mountains, hills, and plains on summits, shoulders, and back slopes or flanks
Slope: 0 to 80 percent
Mean annual temperature: 0 to 4 degrees C. (32 to 39 degrees F.)
Mean annual precipitation: 1500 to 3000 mm (59 to 1185 in)
Frost free period: 20 to 50 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Afognak, Bidarka, Izhut, Kaguyak, Kodiak, Marka, Missak, Olds, Port Lions, Pyramid, Tungalara, and Yukuk soils.
Afognak soils have lithic contact within 50 cm (20 in), lack skeletal particle-sized control sections, and occur on similar landform positions.
Bidarka soils lack spodic horizons and occur on similar landform positions.
Izhut soils have aquic conditions within 41 cm (16 in), are very deep, and occur in swales and drainageways.
Kaguyak soils lack spodic horizons, have lithic contact within 50 cm (20 in), and occur on similar landform positions.
Kodiak soils lack skeletal particle-sized control sections, have skeletal till substratum, an occur on similar landform positions.
Marka soils have skeletal till substratum and occur on similar landform positions.
Missak soils are very poorly drained and occur in drainageways, swales, and depressions.
Olds soils are poorly drained, have skeletal till substratum, and occur in drainageways, swales, and depressions.
Port Lions soils lack skeletal particle-sized control sections and occur on similar landform positions.
Pyramid soils have lithic contact within 50 cm (20 in) and occur on similar landform positions.
Tungalara soils lack spodic horizons, have skeletal till substratum, an occur on similar landform positions.
Yukuk soils are poorly drained, lack spodic horizons, and occur in drainageways, swales, and depressions.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: well drained
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: moderately high to very high in the C horizon, moderately high to high in the 2A, 2Bhs, and 2Bw horizons.
Permeability: rapid to very rapid in the C horizon and moderate to rapid in the 2A, 2Bhs, and 2Bw horizons.
Runoff: high to very high.

USE AND VEGETATION:
On slopes of less than 45 percent, the soils are used as rangeland. The native vegetation is tall grass, dominantly bluejoint reedgrass, and associated plants including fireweed, salmonberry, and alder. A few patches of white spruce, Sitka spruce, and paper birch occur in places.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 225 Southern Alaska Peninsula Mountains.
Extent: extensive.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Wasilla, Alaska

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kodiak Archipelago Soil Survey, Alaska, 2024.

REMARKS: Diagnostic features and horizons recognized in this profile include:

Organic material: 0 to 8 cm (0 to 3 in) (moderately decomposed hemic plant material) (Oe horizon)

1912 volcanic glass (ashy) material: 8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 in) (C horizon)

Andic soil properties: 15 to 85 cm (6 to 34 in) (2A, 2Bhs, 2Bw horizons)

Spodic horizon: 22 to 55 cm (9 to 26 in) (2Bhs horizon)

Cambic horizon: 55 to 85 cm (26 to 34 in) (2Bw horizon)

Lithic contact: 85 to 110 cm (34 to 44 in) (3R horizon)

Source of the volcanic ash is the 1912 eruption of Mt. Novarupta and Mt. Katmai on the Alaska Peninsula.

ADDITIONAL DATA:

User pedon Id: 07SS 03002

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.