LOCATION KODIAK AK

Established Series
Rev. CAP
04/2024

KODIAK SERIES

Depth class: very deep
Drainage class: well drained
Parent material: moderately decomposed herbaceous organic material over sandy and loamy volcanic ash over medial silty volcanic ash over gravelly loamy till
Landscape: Islands
Landform: hills and plains
Slopes: 0 to 50 percent
Mean annual precipitation: about 2250 mm (88.52 in)
Mean annual temperature: about 4 degrees C. (39 degrees F.)
Frost-free season: 20 to 50 days

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Medial, ferrihydritic Andic Humicryods

TYPICAL PEDON: Kodiak ashy sandy loam - in a spruce forest at elevation of 28 meters ( 95 feet). (All colors are for moist soil)

Oe--0 to 8 centimeters (0 to 3 inches); very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1), dark gray (7.5YR 4/1), dry; moderately decomposed plant material; very friable, soft, nonsticky, nonplastic; many very fine, common fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; very strongly acid (pH 4.7); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 15 cm, 1 to 6 in thick)

C1--8 to 18 centimeters (3 to 7 inches); 70 percent gray (7.5YR 6/1) and 30 percent brown (7.5YR 5/4), pink (7.5YR 7/3), dry; ashy very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable, soft, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, medium roots, and coarse roots throughout; strongly acid (pH 5.1); clear smooth boundary.

C2--18 to 29 centimeters (7 to 12 inches); 80 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) ashy loamy sand; massive; loose, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots throughout; strongly acid (pH 5.5); very abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness is 8 to 38 cm, 3 to 15 in thick)

2A--29 to 38 centimeters (12 to 15 inches); 60 percent black (7.5YR 2.5/1) and 40 percent dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) medial silt loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable, soft, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.3); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 13 cm, 1 to 5 in thick)

2Bhs1--38 to 60 centimeters (15 to 24 inches); 70 percent very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) and 30 percent very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/3) highly organic medial silt loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear wavy boundary.

2Bhs2--60 to 95 centimeters (24 to 37 inches); 60 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3) and 40 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) highly organic medial silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and coarse roots throughout; 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.4); gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness is 25 to 61 cm, 10 to 24 in thick)

2Bw--95 to 140 centimeters (37 to 55 inches); 70 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and 30 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) medial silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.3); gradual wavy boundary. (15 to 56 cm, 6 to 23 in thick)

3C--140 to 200 centimeters (55 to 79 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) very gravelly sandy loam; massive; friable, slightly hard, slightly sticky, nonplastic; 50 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.3).

TYPE LOCATION: Kodiak Archipelago Soil Survey Area, Alaska; Latitude 57 degrees 37 minutes 15.00 seconds and Longitude 152 degrees 20 minutes 2.00 seconds west, UTM north 6386693.02 and UTM east 539788.24, zone 5, Datum WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture regime: udic
Mean annual soil temperature: 1.6 to 3.3 degrees C. (34.8 to 37.9 degrees F.)
Thickness of organic material: 3 to 15 cm (1 to 6 in)
Thickness of 1912 ash: 8 to 38 cm (3 to 15 in)
Depth to andic properties: 11 to 53 cm (4 to 21 in)
Depth to spodic horizon: 14 to 66 cm (5 to 26 in)
Depth to gravelly till: 54 to 183 cm (21 to 72 in)

Oa, Oe, Oi horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: slightly, moderately, or highly decomposed plant material
Organic matter: 60 to 90 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: (ashy and glassy) sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or silt loam
Sand: 30 to 90 percent
Clay: 2 to 8 percent
Silt: 10 to 55 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

2A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: medial silt loam, silt, loam, and very fine sandy loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent
Silt: 40 to 90 percent
Clay: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

2Bhs or 2Bs horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: (medial) silt loam, silt, loam, or very fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues
Silt: 40 to 90 percent
Clay: 2 to 12 percent
Rock Fragments: 0 to 34 percent
Reaction Class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

2Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: (medial) silt loam, silt, loam, or very fine sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues
Silt: 40 to 90 percent
Clay: 2 to 12 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 34 percent
Reaction class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

3C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, or their gravelly analogues
Sand: 50 to 85 percent
Clay: 2 to 10 percent
Fragments: 35 to 75 percent
Reaction Class: extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 3.5 to 6.0)

Some pedons have a lithic contact and/or sandy-skeletal substratum at depths greater than 127 cm (50 in).

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Kulshan (WA) and Port Lions (AK) series.
Kulshan soils lack the recent 1912 ashy and glassy surface horizons, and have lithic contact within 100cm (40 in), have mean annual air temperature less than 0o degrees C. (32 degrees F.), and have frost-free periods greater than 50 days.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation: 5 to 300 meters (15 to 1000 feet)
Parent material: moderately decomposed herbaceous organic material over sandy and loamy volcanic ash over medial silty volcanic ash over gravelly loamy till
Landform: hills and plains
Slopes: 0 to 70 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 1500 to 3000 mm (59 to 98 in)
Mean annual temperature: 0 to 6 degrees C. (32 to 43 degrees F.)
Frost free period: 20 to 50 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Afognak, Izhut, Kazakof, Marka, Missak, Narrow Cape, Olds, Port Lions, Pyramid, Sa, Shuyak, Spiridon, and Tonki soils.
Afognak soils have a lithic contact at depths less than 50 cm (20 in) and occur on similar landforms on summits, shoulders, and backslope positions.
Izhut soils have aquic conditions within depths of 41 to 100 cm (16 to 40 in) and occur on similar landforms on drainageways and swale.
Kazakof soils have lithic contacts at depths less than 100 cm (40 in), have skeletal particle-sized control sections, and occur on similar landforms on summits, shoulders, and backslope positions.
Marka soils have lithic contacts at depths less than 100 cm (40 in) and occur on similar landforms on summits, shoulders, and backslope positions.
Missak soils have thick organic horizons, lack spodic horizons, have aquic conditions less than 25 cm (10 in), and occur on drainageways, swales, and depressions.
Narrow Cape soils lack spodic horizons and occur on similar landforms.
Olds soils lack spodic horizons, have aquic conditions within 25 cm (10 in), and occur on similar landforms on drainageways, swales, and depresions.
Port Lions have lithic contacts at depths less than 100 cm (40 in) and occur on similar landforms on summits, shoulders, and backslope positions.
Pyramid soils have a lithic contact at depths less than 50 cm (20 in) and occur on similar landforms on summits, shoulders, and backslope positions.
Sa soils have thick organic horizons, lack spodic horizons, have aquic conditions less than 25 cm (10 in), and occur on drainageways, swales, and depressions.
Shuyak soils have a lithic contact at depths less than 50 cm (20 in), lack spodic horizons, and occur on similar landforms on summits, shoulders, and backslope positions.
Spiridon soils have lithic contacts at depths less than 100 cm (40 in), lack spodic horizons, and occur on similar landforms on summits, shoulders, and backslope positions.
Tonki soils have aquic conditions at depths less than 25 cm (10 in), lack spodic horizons, and occur on drainageways, swales, and depressions.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: well drained
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: moderately high to very high in the C horizon, moderately high to high in the 2A, 2Bhs, and 2Bw horizons, and high to very high in the 3C.
Permeability: moderate to very rapid in the C horizon and moderate to rapid in the 2A, 2Bhs, and 2Bw, and moderate to very rapid in the 3C horizons.
Runoff: low to very high.

USE AND VEGETATION:
Used for water shed. Native vegetation is Sitka Spruce, Forb meadow and Grass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 220, Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska.
Extent: extensive.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Wasilla, Alaska

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kodiak Archipelago Soil Survey, Alaska, 1960.

REMARKS: Diagnostic features and horizons recognized in this profile include:

Organic material: 0 to 8 cm (0 to 3 in) (moderately decomposed hemic plant material) (Oe horizon)

1912 volcanic glass (ashy) material: 8 to 29 cm (3 to 12 in) (C horizon)

Andic soil properties: 29 to 140 cm (12 to 55 in) (2A, 2Bhs1, 2Bhs2, 2Bw horizons)

Spodic horizon: 38 to 95 cm (15 to 37 in) (2Bhs1, 2Bhs2 horizons)

Lithologic discontinuity: 140 to 200 cm (37 to 200) (3C horizon)

ADDITIONAL DATA:

User pedon Id: 08SS 01303

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.