LOCATION KIDAMI ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kidami silt loam - on a 2 percent convex slope in a hardwood forest at an elevation of 290 meters (952 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 8 cm (0 to 3 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; common fine and medium roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) thick]
E--8 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak thin platy structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very friable; common fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings and common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds and in pores; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) thick]
BE--18 to 25 cm (7 to 10 inches); 50 percent brown (10YR 5/3) and 50 percent brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings and common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds and in pores; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick]
2Bt1--25 to 41 cm (10 to 16 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films and light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds and in pores; 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2--41 to 61 cm (16 to 24 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films and light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds and in pores; 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt3--61 to 76 cm (24 to 30 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt4--76 to 94 cm (30 to 37 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 6 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt5--94 to 114 cm (37 to 45 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 7 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 30 to 102 cm (12 to 40 inches).]
2C--114 to 152 cm (45 to 60 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films in root channels and pores; 8 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: McHenry County, Illinois; 3.2 km (2 miles) north of Marengo; 457 meters (1,500 feet) north and 604 meters (1,980 feet) east of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 44 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Marengo North topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 17 minutes 18 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 36 minutes 03 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 368008 easting and 4683020 northing, NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to base of the argillic horizon is 61 to 122 cm (24 to 48 inches). The depth to the base of soil development is 61 to 140 cm (24 to 55 inches). The
depth to carbonates is 51 to 122 cm (20 to 48 inches). Rock fragment content ranges from a few pebbles to 10 percent in the upper two parts of the series control section and from 2 to 15 percent in the lower two parts. They are primarily igneous (rhyolite, andesite, feldspar) and sedimentary (dolomite).
The upper part of the series control section (A, Ap, E, EB, or BE horizon) has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR. Sand content averages 10 to 45 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral. The Ap or A horizon has value of 2 to 4 (4 to 6 dry) and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam or loam, except severely eroded pedons are commonly clay loam. The E horizon, where present, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 to 4. The BE or EB horizon, where present, has value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 or 4. The E, EB, or BE horizons are silt loam, loam, or sandy loam.
The second part of the series control section (Bt or 2Bt horizon) has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is dominantly clay loam or loam, but ranges to silty clay loam in the upper part where the silt cap is at the maximum thickness. The clay content ranges from 18 to 34 percent. Sand content is 15 to 45 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The third part of the series control section (Bt, 2Bt, BC, 2BC, Bk, or 2Bk horizon) has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Some pedons have redoximorphic features.
Texture is loam. The clay content ranges from 17 to 27 percent. The sand content is 30 to 45 percent. Reaction is slightly acid to moderately alkaline. The calcium carbonate equivalent is 0 to
30 percent.
The lower part of the series control section (C and/or 2C horizon) has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Some pedons have redoximorphic features. It is loam or sandy loam. The clay content ranges from 15 to 20 percent. Sand content is 35 to 60 percent. Very fine sand content averages more than 10 percent. The calcium carbonate equivalent is 25 to 40 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Adamstown,
Beech,
Blakeslee,
Cazenovia,
El Dara,
Funkstown,
Hilton,
Lima,
Miami,
Pevely,
Rainsville,
Rawson,
Richland,
Royerton,
Shawtown,
Summitville, and
Vaughnsville series. Adamstown, Beech, Blakeslee, El Dara, Funkstown, and Richland soils do not have carbonates within a depth of 122 cm (48 inches). Cazenovia, Rawson, Royerton, and Vaughnsville soils have more than 20 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Hilton soils generally average more than 10 percent coarse fragments in the second
part of the series control section. Lima soils have more than 15 percent coarse fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Miami soils have a densic contact in the lower part of the series control section. Pevely soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 203 cm (80 inches). Rainsville soils have a poorly graded sand fraction in the second part of the series control section. Shawtown soils have at least one subhorizon in the lower part of the series control section that contains more than 60 percent sand. Summitville soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 203 cm (80 inches).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kidami soils are on moraines and till plains. Slopes range from 2 to 12 percent. Kidami soils formed in as much as 46 cm (18 inches) of silty material and in loamy till. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F), mean annual precipitation is 30 to 40 inches (762 to 1016 mm), frost free days range from 140 to 180 days, and the elevation ranges from 189 to 311 meters (620 to 1020 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Herbert, Lisbon, Octagon, and Pella. The somewhat poorly drained Herbert and Lisbon soils are on lower positions on the landform. The moderately well drained Octagon soils are on similar landform positions nearby. Octagon soils have a darker colored surface layer. The poorly drained Pella soils are in drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. An intermittent perched seasonal high water table is at a depth of 61 to 107 cm (2.0 to 3.5 feet) below the surface at some time between February and April in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low on the gentle slopes and medium on the steeper slopes. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the solum, and moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers per second) in the underlying material.
Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately slow in the underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated, but some are in pasture and woodland. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, or hay. Native vegetation is hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Illinois. The soil is extensive in MLRA 95B, 108A,and 108B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: McHenry County, Illinois, 1996. Kidami is a coined name that has intermediate properties of Kidder and Miami series.
REMARKS: This soil was formerly mapped Miami in McHenry County. Through MLRA update activities these areas were determined to have moderately slow permeability whereas the Miami series has slow or very slow permeability in the underlying dense basal till. Water table data indicates that this soil has a perched water table at a depth of 51 to 107 cm (2.0 to 3.5 feet) in late winter and in early spring.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of approximately 25 cm (10 inches) (A, E, and BE horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 25 to 114 cm (10 to 45 inches) (2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4, and 2Bt5 horizons); discontinuity at a depth of 25 cm (10 inches) - the contact between the BE and 2Bt1 horizons; udic moisture regime.