LOCATION LAMONI IA+MO
Established Series
Rev. JDH-DBO-DJP
07/2018
LAMONI SERIES
The Lamoni series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in 25 to 50 centimeters of loess or a mixture of loess and pedisediment and the underlying paleosol formed in till. These soils are on side slopes on dissected till plains. Slope ranges from 5 to 18 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 10 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 850 millimeters.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquertic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lamoni silty clay loam, on a west-facing, convex slope of 8 percent, in a pasture, at an elevation of 300.2 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine and fine granular structure; friable; common medium and many very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
A--23 to 36 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam; about 50 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry and 50 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; few medium and many very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 49 centimeters.)
BA--36 to 46 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few medium and many very fine and fine roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 24 centimeters thick)
2Bt--46 to 61 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; very firm; many very fine and fine roots; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (5 to 20 centimeters thick)
2Btg1--61 to 84 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; very firm; common very fine and fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic coats on surfaces along root channels and pores; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; about 2 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Btg2--84 to 107 centimeters; about 50 percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and 50 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine and fine roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 2 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Btg3--107 to 135 centimeters; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine and fine roots; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats along surfaces of root channels and pores; few distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; about 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Btg horizon is 40 to 100 centimeters.)
2BC--135 to 152 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; many fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; many fine prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) redoximorphic depletions; about 2 percent rock fragments; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 109-Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain; Lucas County, Iowa; about 660 feet south and 330 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 14, T. 71 N., R. 20 W.; USGS Melrose topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 57 minutes 16 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 7 minutes 6 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 49 centimeters
Depth to till--25 to 50 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 120 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 50 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--15 to 30 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content--20 to 42 percent
Sand content--5 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
AB or BA horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--clay loam, clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam
Clay content--30 to 42 percent
Sand content--10 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
2Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--clay, silty clay, or clay loam
Clay content--35 to 50 percent
Sand content--10 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Hues redder than 10YR are restricted to redoximorphic features.
2Btg horizon:
Hue--10YR to 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 6
Texture--clay loam, clay, or silty clay
Clay content--30 to 42 percent
Sand content--15 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
The color and texture of the 2Btg horizon is variable and related principally to the amount of truncated paleosol remaining.
2BC and Cg horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR to 5Y
Value--5 or 6
Chroma--1 to 6
Texture--clay loam
Clay content--28 to 40 percent
Sand content--25 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 10 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Adair,
Arisburg,
Arispe,
Chase,
Good Thunder,
Greenton,
Grundy,
Lagonda,
Macksburg,
Mahaska,
Martin,
Mayberry,
Seymour,
Shorewood,
Tina, and
Wymore series.
Adair--have matrix hue redder than 10YR in the argillic horizon
Arisburg--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Arispe--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Chase--have a mollic epipedon more than 49 centimeters thick
Good Thunder--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Greenton--have shale fragments within the series control section
Grundy--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Lagonda--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the upper part of the series control section
Macksburg--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Mahaska--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Martin--have a mollic epipedon more than 49 centimeters thick
Mayberry--have matrix hue redder than 10YR in the upper part of the argillic horizon
Seymour--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Shorewood--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Tina--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
Wymore--have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent in the particle-size control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--25 to 50 centimeters of loess or a mixture of loess and pedisediment and the underlying paleosol formed in till of Kansan age
Landform--side slopes on dissected till plains
Slope--5 to 18 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 13 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 1,040 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 220 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Clarinda and
Shelby soils. See remarks.
Clarinda--are on slightly higher landscape positions on side slopes and have a sand content that averages less than 15 percent sand in the particle-size control section
Shelby--are on lower landscape positions on side slopes and have a clay content that averages 30 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 0.3 to 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is considered perched
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--0.01 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the upper material and 0.10 to 1.00 micrometers per second in the underlying material
USE AND VEGETATION:
Many areas are cultivated, while other areas are pastured. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. The native vegetation is big bluestem, sedges, blue grama and other species of the tall grass prairie that are tolerant of excessive wetness.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Section--Dissected till plains
MLRAs and LRUs--Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107B); Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108); and Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109)
LRR--M; southern Iowa and northern Missouri
Extent--extensive
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Scotland County, Missouri, 1969.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 46 to 96 centimeters.
Series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 46 centimeters (Ap, A and BA horizons).
Argillic horizon--the zone from 46 to 135 centimeters (2Bt, 2Btg1, 2Btg2, and 2Btg3 horizons).
Aquic moisture regime.
Generally, Lamoni, Clarinda and Shelby soils are not on the same slope. Where the loess is thin, the Clarinda soils are on secondary interfluves or at the shoulder of side slopes and the Lamoni soils are on side slopes. Where slopes are long, both Lamoni and Shelby soils are commonly on the same side slope. On steep slopes, Lamoni soils are usually on the interfluves or shoulders of slopes and the Shelby soils are on the entire side slope.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.