LOCATION MANFRED NDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Natraquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Manfred silty clay loam - grassland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (N 3/0) silty clay loam, black (5Y 2/1) moist; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many roots; a layer of muck 1 inch in thickness covers the surface; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; abrupt irregular boundary. (4 to 16 inches thick)
Btg--10 to 13 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam, dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) moist; few fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) mottles; strong fine angular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; clay films on faces of peds; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear irregular boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
Bkg--13 to 23 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, olive gray (5Y 5/2) moist; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium angular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; very hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few iron and manganese concretions; about 5 percent by volume fine gravel; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
BCg--23 to 30 inches; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, olive gray (5Y 5/2) moist; many fine prominent yellowish brown mottles (10YR 5/6); weak medium angular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; strong effervescence; few iron and manganese concretions; about 5 percent by volume gravel; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
Cg1--30 to 48 inches; light gray (5Y 6/1) clay loam, olive gray (5Y 5/2) moist; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; massive; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; about 5 percent by volume fine gravel; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2--48 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; common fine prominent gray (N 5/0) mottles; massive; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic, strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Walsh County, North Dakota; about 6 miles south and 2 1/2 miles west of Adams; 2100 feet east and 50 feet north of the southwest corner, sec. 17, T. 156 N., R. 58 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The A horizon tongues into the Bt horizon in many pedons. A layer of muck up to 4 inches thick is on the surface of some pedons. Saline and stony phases are recognized.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral; value of 3 to 5 and 2 or 3 moist; and chroma of 1 or less. It is loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam. Some pedons have an E horizon.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5Y, 5Y, or is neutral; value of 3 to 5 and 2 or 3 moist; and chroma of 2 or less. It is clay loam or silty clay loam.
The Bk horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7 dry and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is clay loam, loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam. Some pedons have Byz or Bkz horizons.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7 dry and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. Some pedons contain lenses or pockets of other textures with as much as 20 percent gravel.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Other competing series are the Flom, Harriet, Heil, Parnell, Ranslo, Ryan, Stirum, Vallers, and Wyard series. Flom, Parnell, Vallers, and Wyard soils do not have natric horizons. In addition, Parnell soils are fine. Harriet, Heil, Ranslo, and Ryan soils are fine and Stirum soils are coarse-loamy.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Manfred soils are in the wettest depressions and basins in the glacial till plain and outwash channels. They formed in till and alluvium from till. Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual temperature is 38 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation is 15 to 22 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Parnell and Vallers soils and the Barnes, Buse, Hamerly, Svea, and Tonka soils. Parnell, Tonka, and Vallers soils occupy similar positions as Manfred. Tonka soils do not have natric horizons. Barnes and Buse soils are on convex portions of the till plain and do not have an aquic moisture regime. Hamerly and Svea soils are on smooth and slightly concave positions and do not have natric horizons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. Water ponds on these soils frequently and remains for much of the growing season. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Wildlife and some pasture and hay.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and eastern North Dakota. Moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Walsh County, North Dakota, 1975.
REMARKS: Revised 2/89.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 13 inches (A and Btg horizons); natric horizon - the zone from 10 to 13 inches (Btg horizon); characteristics associated with wetness - chroma of 2 and distinct mottles in the lower part of the mollic epipedon (Btg horizon).