LOCATION STATE VA+AL GA NC SCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: State silt loam--on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil, unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; brown (10YR 5/3), dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; nonsticky, nonplastic; common fine and medium roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
BA--10 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; nonsticky, nonplastic; common fine and medium roots; common fine and medium pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Bt--15 to 35 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; common fine and medium pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (18 to 40 inches thick)
BC--35 to 45 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine and medium pores; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
C1--45 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sandy loam; massive; very friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--50 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletion and common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron; common fine flakes of mica; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Charlotte County, Virginia; about 1.0 mile east of Roanoke (Staunton) River bridge on VA-746; 1.1 miles east of intersection of VA-746 and VA-607, and 200 feet south of VA-607.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches
Depth to top of the argillic horizon: 8 to 19 inches
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 30 to 60 inches or more
Depth to seasonal high water table: 42 to 72 inches, December to June
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid in the A and upper B horizon and extremely acid to slightly acid in the lower B horizon and C horizon, unless limed
Gravel Content: 0 to 2 percent in the A and B horizon and 0 to 25 percent in the C horizon; mostly quartz pebbles (non-flooded phase); 0 to 35 percent in the A and B horizon and 0 to 50 percent in the C horizon (flooded phases)
Other Features: 0 to 20 percent mica, throughout
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon or A horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 2 to 6. Where value is less than 3, it is less than 6 inches thick.
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
E horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture--loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
BA or BE (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or sandy clay loam
Bt horizon (upper):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam, including thin horizons of sandy loam or silt loam
Bt horizon (lower):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8, or is variegated without dominant matrix hue
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam, including thin horizons of sandy loam or silt loam
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, yellow, or brown
BC horizon or CB horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 8, or is variegated in shades of these colors with or without dominant matrix color
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, yellow, or brown
C horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 3 to 8, or is variegated in shades of these colors with or without dominant matrix color
Texture (fine earth fraction)--loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam and may be stratified with finer or coarser textured materials
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, yellow, or brown
Cg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8, and may be variegated in shades of these colors with or without dominant matrix color
Texture (fine earth fraction)--loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam and may be stratified with finer or coarser textured materials
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, yellow, or brown
2C horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 3 to 8, or is variegated in shades of these colors with or without dominant matrix color
Texture (fine earth fraction)--coarse sand, sand, fine sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand and may be stratified with finer or coarser textured materials
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, yellow, or brown
2Cg horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8, and may be variegated in shades of these colors with or without dominant matrix color
Texture (fine earth fraction)--coarse sand, sand, fine sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand and may be stratified with finer or coarser textured materials
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of gray, yellow, or brown
COMPETING SERIES:
Buckhead soils--formed in material weathered from acid crystalline and metamorphic rock and occur on uplands in the piedmont
Cheaha soils--have hard bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40 inches and have greater than 15 percent sandstone cobbles in each horizon
Chesapeake--formed in marine and fluviomarine deposits primarily in the
Tidewater Area at elevations of less than 25 feet
Fruithurst soils--have a paralithic contact of weathered sericite schist or slate at a depth of 20 to 40 inches
Montonia soils--have a paralithic contact of weathered Carolina Slate at a depth of 20 to 40 inches
Pinoka soils--have a paralithic contact of weathered Triassic sandstone or siltstone at a depth of 20 to 40 inches
Rawlings soils--have a lithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches
Rion soils--formed in material weathered from acid crystalline rock and occur on uplands in the piedmont
Rome soils--have solum greater than 60 inches thick with black concretions throughout
Shady soils--formed on stream terraces in loamy alluvium weathered from sandstone, limestone and shale
Sherless soils--have a paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches and have sandstone fragments throughout
Sherwood soils--have a lithic contact at a depth of 30 to 60 inches
Sugargrove soils--have lithic contact at a depth of 40 inches or more
Tidings soils--have a paralithic contact at a depth of 40 to 60 inches
Wickham soils--have Bt horizons that are redder than 7.5YR
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont and coastal river valleys
Landform: Stream terraces
Geomorphic Component: Riser, treads
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder
Parent Material: Alluvium
Slope: 0 to 10 percent
Elevation: 25 to 750 feet
Frost Free Period: 195 to 260 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 57 to 65 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 35 to 55 inches
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Altavista soils--are moderately well drained soils with seasonal high water table 18 to 30 inches; on slightly lower landscapes
Augusta soils--are somewhat poorly drained soils with seasonal high water table 12 to 18 inches; on lower landscapes
Cartecay soils--are somewhat poorly drained soils with seasonal high water table 6 to 18 inches, in a coarse-loamy family; on lower landscapes
Chewacla soils--are somewhat poorly drained soils with seasonal high water table 6 to 24 inches; on adjacent floodplains
Conetoe soils--are well drained soils with seasonal high water table below 72 inches, in a loamy family; on similar landscapes
Congaree soils--are well drained to moderately well drained soils with seasonal high water table 30 to 48 inches, lack argillic horizons; on floodplains and at the base of slopes
Molena soils--are somewhat excessively drained soils with seasonal high water table below 72 inches, with sandy textures throughout; on fluvial terraces in the piedmont
Tarboro soils--are somewhat excessively drained soils with seasonal high water table below 72 inches, with sandy textures throughout; on higher landscapes
Roanoke soils--are poorly drained soils with seasonal high water table 0 to 12 inches, in a fine family; on flats and in depressions
Thomson soils--are well drained soils with seasonal high water table below 72 inches, in a coarse-loamy family; on fluvial terraces in the piedmont
Warne soils--are somewhat poorly drained soils with seasonal high water table 12 to 18 inches, in a fine family; on lower landscapes
Wickham soils--are well drained soils with seasonal high water table below 72 inches, in a loamy family; on similar landscapes
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Deep, persistent, thick
Flooding Frequency and Duration: Occasional, rare, very rare, or none for very brief or brief periods, December to June
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible to medium
Permeability: Moderate (Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high
Shrink-swell Potential: Low
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Mostly cultivated crops
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, soybeans, peanuts, small grain, flue-cured tobacco, and vegetables. Where wooded--white oak, red oak, American beech, elm, sycamore, American holly, sweetgum, loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, Virginia pine, and yellow-poplar.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Madison County, North Carolina, 1937
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 15 inches (Ap and BA horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone between 15 and 35 inches (Bt horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization/Reference samples were analyzed and are available from the NRCS-Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE; pedon numbers--S79VA001002; S79VA001003; S79VA131001; S80NC085002.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation VA0031 STATE 0-10 57-65 195-260 35-55 25-750SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock VA0031 NONE OCCAS 3.5-6.0 APPARENT DEC-JUN >80
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- VA0031 0-10 FSL SL 0-0 95-100 5-15 VA0031 0-10 SIL L 0-0 95-100 10-18 VA0031 0-10 LS LFS 0-0 95-100 2-8 VA0031 10-45 L CL SCL 0-0 95-100 18-34 VA0031 45-60 SR S FSL 0-0 60-100 2-15
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll VA0031 0-10 3.5-5.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 0.6-6.0 LOW VA0031 0-10 3.5-5.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW VA0031 0-10 3.5-5.5 0.5-1.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW VA0031 10-45 3.5-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW VA0031 45-60 3.5-6.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 2.0-20 LOW