LOCATION YADKIN NC+VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Rhodic Kandiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Yadkin fine sandy loam in an area of YaB2--Yadkin sandy clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, moderately eroded, in a cultivated field of no-till corn. (Colors are for moist soil, unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (about 0 to 6 inches); 60 percent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and 40 percent dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/3) fine sandy loam, red (2.5YR 4/6), dry; 2 percent fine prominent reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) mottles; weak fine granular structure; very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine roots top of horizon; 10 percent fine prominent mica flakes infused into matrix along faces of peds; slightly acid, pH 6.5, Hellige-Truog; clear smooth boundary. Lab sample # 04N00220. (13 to 30 centimeters thick)
Bt1--15 to 43 centimeters (about 6 to 17 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6), dry; 2 percent fine prominent light red (2.5YR 6/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, moderately sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots throughout; 10 percent fine prominent mica flakes infused into matrix along faces of peds; moderately acid, pH 6.0, Hellige-Truog; clear smooth boundary. Lab sample # 04N00221
Bt2--43 to 81 centimeters (about 17 to 32 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6), dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky, slightly plastic; 10 percent fine prominent mica flakes infused into matrix along faces of peds; moderately acid, pH 5.7, Hellige-Truog; diffuse smooth boundary. Lab sample # 04N00222
Bt3--81 to 119 centimeters (about 32 to 47 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6), dry; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky, slightly plastic; 10 percent fine prominent mica flakes infused into matrix along faces of peds; moderately acid, pH 5.6, Hellige-Truog; diffuse smooth boundary. Lab sample # 04N00223
Bt4--119 to 152 centimeters (about 47 to 60 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6), dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; 10 percent fine prominent mica flakes infused into matrix along faces of peds; strongly acid, pH 5.5, Hellige-Truog; diffuse smooth boundary. Lab sample # 04N00224
Bt5--152 to 188 centimeters (about 60 to 74 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) sandy clay, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6), dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; 10 percent fine prominent mica flakes infused into matrix along faces of peds; strongly acid, pH 5.3, Hellige-Truog; gradual wavy boundary. Lab sample # 04N00225.
(Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is more than 125 centimeters.)
BCt--188 to 206 centimeters (about 74 to 81 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) sandy clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6), dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; 10 percent fine prominent mica flakes infused into matrix along faces of peds; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Hellige-Truog. Lab sample # 04N00226. (0 to 50 centimeters thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Iredell County, North Carolina; from the intersection of NC Highway 21 and I-77, northeast 6.7 miles to Chief Thomas Road (Secondary Road 2152), 2.5 miles to farm road, 0.7 mile on farm road; USGS Harmony, NC topographic quadrangle; lat. 35 degrees 53 minutes 23.2 seconds N. and long. 80 degrees 47 minutes 26.6 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of Argillic horizon: 10 to 40 centimeters (about 4 to 16 inches thick)
Depth to base of Argillic horizon: Greater than 150 centimeters (about 60 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 200 centimeters (about 80 inches)
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 185 centimeters (about 72 inches)
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 35 percent in the A and E horizons, and 0 to 20 percent in the Bt and BC horizons; mostly gravel and cobbles
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid (4.5) to moderately acid (6.0) throughout, unless limed.
Mica Content: 0 to 20 percent, by volume mica flakes
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 2 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine-sandy loam, or loam. Eroded phases include sandy clay loam or clay loam.
E horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 2.5 or 3, and chroma of 2 to 6
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic mottles in shades of red, yellow, or brown in the lower part
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam or clay
BC horizon:
Color--hue of 10R through 5YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic mottles in shades of red, yellow, or brown
COMPETING SERIES: None
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation: 120 to 365 meters (about 400 to 1200 feet)
Frost Free Period: 175 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 14 to 21 degrees C. (about 52 to 57 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1020 to 1400 millimeters (about 40 to 55 inches)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Clifford soils--formed in residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock; on similar landscape positions
Nathalie soils--formed in residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock with browner subsoil; on similar landscape positions
Elioak soils--formed in residuum from micaceous crystalline rocks; on similar landscape positions
Fairview soils--formed in residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock and have a thin argillic horizon, on similar landscape positions
Tomlin soils--formed in residuum from mixed felsic to mafic rock and have a clay decrease of more than 20 percent from the maximum within 60 inches of the soil surface; on similar landscape positions
Rhodhiss soils--formed in residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock do not have a kandic horizon, and have a fine-loamy particle-size class; on similar landscape positions
Stott Knob soils--are 50 to 100 centimeters (about 20 to 40 inches) to
paralithic contact and have a fine-loamy particle-size class; on similar
landscape positions
Toast soils--formed in residuum from felsic metamorphic or igneous rock and have a thin argillic horizon; on similar landscape positions
Westfield soils--are 100 to 150 centimeters (about 40 to 60 inches) to
paralithic contact; on similar landscape positions
Woolwine soils--are 50 10 100 centimeters (about 20 to 40 inches) to a
paralithic contact; on similar landscape positions
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Very deep
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Very low to high
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second)
Permeability: Moderate
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cultivated crops, pasture, forest
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--small grain, corn, soybeans, hay, and tobacco. Where forested--shortleaf pine, Virginia pine, northern red oak, southern red oak, and hickory. Understory plants include dogwood, eastern redbud, and sassafras.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: North Carolina and Virginia
Extent: Small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Halifax County, Virginia, 2004.
REMARKS: These soils were formerly included in the Davidson and Hiwassee
series. Even though these soils typically have a subhorizon with more than 60 percent clay (increasing with depth); overall, they have less than 60 percent clay (weighted average) in the particle-size control section.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon:
Argillic horizon--the zone from 15 to 206 centimeters (Bt and BCt horizons)
Kandic horizon--the zone from 15 to 119 centimeters (Bt horizon)
Rhodic color feature--more than 50 percent colors that have hue of 2.5YR or redder and value moist of 3 or less in the upper 75 centimeters of the kandic horizon
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization samples were analyzed and are available from NRCS-Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE (03NC097007)
Database Information:
Typical Pedon Data Mapunit ID--To be developed
Representative Pedon Data Mapunit ID--To be developed
User Pedon ID--03NC097007