LOCATION TOMLIN NCEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, mesic Rhodic Kanhapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Tomlin loam (in an area of LdB2-Lloyd loam, 2 to 7 percent slopes, eroded), on a smooth 4 percent slope, in oak and pine second-growth forest. (Colors are for moist soil, unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap1--0 to 10 centimeters (0.0 to 3.9 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) loam, reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), dry; 25 percent fine faint irregular red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; moderate fine granular structure; very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; many medium and coarse roots throughout; many medium vesicular pores; 10 percent nonflat angular 2- to 75-millimeter quartz fragments; extremely acid, pH 4.3, Hellige-Truog; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--10 to 21 centimeters (3.9 to 8.3 inches); red (2.5YR 4/6) loam, red (2.5YR 5/6), dry; 20 percent medium faint irregular (10R 4/5) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common fine and medium roots throughout; many fine and medium moderate-continuity tubular pores; 5 percent nonflat angular 2- to 75-millimeter quartz fragments; strongly acid, pH 5.5, Hellige-Truog; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 5 to 30 centimeters.)
Bt1--21 to 51 centimeters (8.3 to 20.1 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine roots throughout; common very fine moderate-continuity tubular pores; 90 percent continuous faint dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay films on all faces of peds; moderately acid, pH 5.8, Hellige-Truog; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--51 to 77 centimeters (20.1 to 30.3 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; strong medium angular blocky structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots throughout; common very fine moderate-continuity tubular pores; 90 percent continuous faint dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay films on all faces of peds; moderately acid, pH 5.8, Hellige-Truog; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--77 to 95 centimeters (30.3 to 37.4 inches); dark red (10R 3/6) clay loam; 5 percent coarse distinct irregular red (2.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine moderate-continuity tubular pores; 50 percent continuous faint dark red (10R 3/6) clay films on vertical faces of peds; 5 percent fine prominent black (5YR 2.5/1) manganese masses with sharp boundaries in matrix; strongly acid, pH 5.5, Hellige-Truog; the dominant moist value of the Bt3 horizon was less than 4, but more than 3; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--95 to 125 centimeters (37.4 to 49.2 inches); red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; 5 percent coarse distinct irregular yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine moderate-continuity tubular pores; 25 percent discontinuous faint red (10R 4/6) clay films on vertical faces of peds; strongly acid, pH 5.5, Hellige-Truog; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 50 to 110 centimeters.)
BCt--125 to 145 centimeters (49.2 to 57.1 inches); red (2.5YR 4/8) loam; 10 percent medium distinct irregular strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 10 percent discontinuous faint red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on vertical faces of peds; strongly acid, pH 5.5, Hellige-Truog; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 50 centimeters thick)
CB--145 to 175 centimeters (57.1 to 68.9 inches); red (2.5YR 4/8) loam; 15 percent medium distinct irregular strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 2 percent patchy faint red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on vertical faces of peds; 2 percent fine prominent very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) manganese masses with sharp boundaries in matrix; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Hellige-Truog; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 50 centimeters thick)
C--175 to 206 centimeters (68.9 to 81.1 inches); red (2.5YR 5/6) loam; 5 percent medium distinct irregular reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) mottles; massive; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Hellige-Truog.
TYPE LOCATION: Yadkin County, North Carolina; about 1.2 miles west of Huntsville, NC, on Courtney Huntsville Road; 1.4 miles south on Wyo Road (SR-1718); 50 feet east of Wyo Road, in a wooded area; USGS Farmington, NC topographic quadrangle; lat. 36 degrees 04 minutes 22 seconds N. and long. 80 degrees 32 minutes 29 seconds W. (NAD83)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to top of argillic or kandic horizon: 2 to 20 inches
Depth to base of argillic or kandic horizon: More than 25 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches
Depth to seasonal high water table: Greater than 72 inches
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 35 percent in the A and E horizons and 0 to 15 percent in the B and C horizons; mostly gravel and cobbles
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout, unless limed.
Mica content: 0 to 20 percent, by volume mica flakes in the A, B, and 0 to 50 percent by volume in the BC and C horizon
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
O horizon (where present):
Slightly to highly decomposed plant material, mostly decomposed leaf litter.
A horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2 to 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Eroded phases include sandy clay loam or clay loam.
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic mottles in shades of red, yellow, or brown
AB horizon or BA horizon or BE horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic mottles in shades of red, yellow, or brown
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Special feature: Each pedon must have at least one subhorizon that has hue of 2.5YR or redder with moist value of 3 or less (less than 4) in more than 50 percent of the horizon. Typically, the upper Bt has moist value of 4 or less, the middle part has moist value of less than 4, and the lower part has moist value of 4 or more.
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic or lithochromic mottles in shades of black, red, yellow, brown, gray, or white
BCt horizon or BC (where present):
Color--hue of 10R or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic or lithochromic mottles in shades of black, red, yellow, brown, gray, or white
CB horizon:
Color--hue of 10R or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic or lithochromic mottles in shades of black, red, yellow, brown, gray, or white
C horizon:
Color--hue of 10R to 10YR, value of 3 to 6, chroma of 3 to 8 or is variegated or streaked in shades of these colors
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--clay loam, sandy clay loam, silt loam, loam, or sandy loam
Mottles (where present)--non-redoximorphic or lithochromic mottles in shades of black, red, yellow, brown, gray, or white
COMPETING SERIES: None
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Piedmont uplands
Landform: Hills, ridge
Geomorphic Component: Interfluves, side slopes, nose slopes
Hillslope Profile Position: Summit, shoulder, backslope
Parent Material: Residuum from intermingled felsic or intermediate, igneous and high-grade metamorphic rock such as amphibolite, granodiorite, biotite schist, or biotite gneiss
Slope: 2 to 50 percent
Elevation: 300 to 1400 feet
Frost Free Period: 175 to 205 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 52 to 57 degrees
Mean Annual Precipitation: 40 to 55 inches
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Braddock soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Buckhall soils--have mixed mineralogy and a browner subsoil; on similar landforms
Clifford soils--formed from felsic crystalline rock and have B horizons dominated by with hue of 5YR or redder with moist value of 4 or more; on similar landforms
Elioak soils--formed from micaceous crystalline rocks such as muscovite schist; on similar landforms
Fairview soils--the clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of less than 30 inches and is less than 25 inches thick; on similar landforms
Rhodhiss soils--have a fine-loamy particle-size class; on similar landforms
Stott Knob soils--have paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches and have a fine-loamy particle-size class; on similar landforms
Toast soils--the clayey part of the argillic horizon extends to a depth of less than 30 inches and is less than 25 inches thick, and has a browner subsoil; on similar landforms
Westfield soils--have paralithic contact at a depth of 40 to 60 inches; on similar landforms
Wintergreen soils--formed in old alluvium; on adjacent high terraces
Woolwine soils--have paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches; on similar landforms
Yadkin soils--have thicker Bt horizons and formed in old alluvium; on similar landforms
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Very deep
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff:
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high (Permeability: Moderate)
Shrink-swell Potential: Low
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cultivated crops, pasture, and forest
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--small grains, corn, soybeans, hay, tobacco, and orchards. Where forested--Eastern white pine, Virginia pine, red oak, white oak, post oak, hickory, blackgum, red maple, yellow poplar, and dogwood
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Virginia and North Carolina
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES PROPOSED: Yadkin County, North Carolina, 2006
REMARKS: Tomlin soils were previously mapped as Lloyd soils. The April 1997 relocation of the mesic/thermic line in North Carolina and Virginia necessitated the establishment of the Tomlin series as a mesic counterpart. Tomlin soils are commonly associated with Clifford soils (fine, kaolinitic, mesic Typic Kanhapludults). Clifford soils formed in residuum weathered from felsic crystalline rock and have B horizons with hue of 5YR or redder with moist value of 4 or more. Tomlin soils formed in mixed felsic to mafic crystalline rock (primarily amphibolite) and have B horizons with hue of 2.5YR or redder with moist value of less than 4.
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 21 centimeters (Ap horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 21 to 145 centimeters (Bt and BCt horizons)
Kandic horizon--the zone from 21 to 145 centimeters (Bt and BCt horizons)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization data are available from NRCS-Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE.: Pedon (S06NC197001) and (S04NC097020C). Note: Pedon S04NC097020C has a fine-loamy particle-size class and is an inclusion with the Tomlin series. All other soil qualities and properties are within the Tomlin series concept.
Database Information:
User Pedon ID--06NC197001-Tomlin, OSD
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation TOMLIN 2-50 52-57 175-205 40-55 300-1400FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NONE >6.0 - - >80 -
Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- 00-06 SL FSL L 0-5 80-100 5-20 1-5 00-06 GR-SL GR-L GR-FSL 5-5 55-85 5-20 1-5 00-06 SCL CL 0-5 75-100 20-35 5-10 06-53 C CL 0-5 92-100 35-70 3-12 58-72 VAR - - - 1-12
Depth -pH- O.M. Permeab Shnk-Swll 00-06 4.5-6.0 0.5-1.0 2.0-6.0 LOW 00-06 4.5-6.0 0.5-1.0 2.0-6.0 LOW 00-06 4.5-6.0 0.5-1.0 0.6-2.0 LOW 06-58 4.5-6.0 0.0-0.5 0.6-2.0 LOW 58-72 - - - -