LOCATION CARWAY KSEstablished Series
The Carway series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, moderate over very slowly permeable soils. They are formed in loamy eolian sediments over a buried alluvial soil. These soils occur in interdunal depressions on paleo-terraces in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains (MLRA 79). Mean annual air temperature is 56 degrees F (13 degrees C), and mean annual precipitation is 29 inches (74 centimeters). Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Carway fine sandy loam in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches (0 to 18 centimeters); dark gray (10YR 4/1), interior, fine sandy loam, gray (10YR 6/1), interior, dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout and common fine and medium throughout; 10.0 percent clay; common fine dendritic brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common fine irregular gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); moderately acid, clear smooth boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick; 8 to 38 centimeters thick)
Bt1--7 to 10 inches (18 to 25 centimeters); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), interior, sandy clay loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), interior, dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 23.0 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and common prominent continuous very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1), moist, organic coats on vertical faces of peds; common fine and medium dendritic brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation between peds; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); slightly acid, clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--10 to 15 inches (25 to 38 centimeters); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), interior, sandy clay loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), interior, dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 23.0 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores and few prominent continuous dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic coats in root channels and/or pores; common fine dendritic strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common medium irregular gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); slightly acid, clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--15 to 22 inches (38 to 56 centimeters); grayish brown (10YR 5/2), interior, fine sandy loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2), interior, dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 24.0 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds and in pores and few prominent continuous dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic coats in root channels and/or pores; many medium and coarse irregular strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron Accumulation throughout and many medium irregular gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); slightly acid, gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--22 to 35 inches (56 to 89 centimeters); 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3), interior, and 40 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), interior, fine sandy loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2), interior, dry; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 22.0 percent clay; few faint discontinuous grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores and very few prominent continuous dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic coats in root channels and/or pores; many medium and coarse irregular strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common medium and coarse irregular gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions throughout and common medium and coarse irregular black (7.5YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral, clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 7 to 34 inches; 18 to 86 centimeters thick).
2Btb1--35 to 40 inches (89 to 102 centimeters); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), interior, clay loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2), interior, dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; extremely hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 35.0 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), moist, clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few faint discontinuous pressure faces on vertical faces of peds; many coarse irregular strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common medium irregular light gray (2.5Y 7/1) iron depletions throughout and common medium and coarse irregular black (7.5YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral, clear wavy boundary.
2Btb2--40 to 54 inches (102 to 137 centimeters); gray (5Y 6/1), interior, clay loam, light gray (5Y 7/1), interior, dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; extremely hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 38.0 percent clay; few faint discontinuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few faint discontinuous pressure faces on vertical faces of peds; many medium and coarse irregular strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common medium and coarse irregular black (7.5YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal);slightly alkaline, gradual wavy boundary.
2Btb3--54 to 63 inches (137 to 160 centimeters); gray (5Y 6/1), interior, clay loam, light gray (5Y 7/1), interior, dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; extremely hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 39 percent clay; few faint discontinuous olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few faint discontinuous pressure faces on vertical faces of peds; many medium irregular reddish brown (5YR 5/4) soft masses of iron accumulation pedogenic throughout and common medium irregular black (7.5YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions throughout;
noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); slightly alkaline, gradual wavy boundary.
2Btb4--63 to 72 inches (160 to 183 centimeters); gray (5Y 6/1), interior, clay loam, light gray (5Y 7/2), interior, dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium angular blocky; extremely hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 37 percent clay; few faint discontinuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few faint discontinuous pressure faces on vertical faces of peds; many medium irregular reddish brown (5YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common fine and medium irregular black (7.5YR 2/1) masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout; noneffervescentthroughout (HCl, 1 normal); slightly alkaline, gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons is 14 to 50 inches; 36 to 127 centimeters thick)
2Btkb--72 to 80 inches (183 to 203 centimeters); pale brown (10YR 6/3), interior, clay loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3), interior, dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium angular blocky; extremely hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 32.0 percent clay; few faint discontinuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few faint discontinuous pressure faces on vertical faces of peds; many medium and coarse irregular strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation throughout and common medium and coarse irregular masses of lime throughout and common medium irregular gray (5Y 6/1) iron depletions throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal). slightly alkaline, (0 to 20 inches thick; 0 to 50 centimeters thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) north and 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) east of Plevna; 2375 feet (724 meters) east and 1500 feet (457 meters) south of the northwest corner of sec. 02, T. 24 S., R. 09 W.(USGS Plevna topographic quadrangle; lat. 37 degrees 59 minutes 42.5 seconds N. and long. 98 degrees 16 minutes 47.7 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: aquic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 56 to 58 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Particle-size control section: 20 to 35 percent clay
Depth to bedrock: greater than 80 inches (203 centimeters)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 20 to 80 inches (50 to 203 centimeters)
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: 7 to 35 inches (18 to 89 centimeters)
Thickness of the ochric epipedon: 3 to 15 inches (7 to 38 centimeters)
Water table:
depth is 0 to 2 feet (0 to 0.1 meters),
kind is perched,
months are Dec. - Jun.
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 (moist) 4 to 6 (dry)
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand
Redoximorphic features: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5Y to 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5 (moist) 4 to 7 (dry)
Chroma: 1 or 2 in the upper part and 2 or 3 in the lower part.
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic features: 5 to 50 percent
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
2Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6 (moist) 5 to 7 (dry)
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay
Redoximorphic features: 5 to 60 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Btk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 (moist) 5 to 7 (dry)
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy loam, clay loam, or loam
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Redoximorphic features: 5 to 50 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Appleton (NY), Aubbeenaubbee (IN), Crosier (IN), Grantfork (IL), Haskins (OH), Jugtown (PA), and Shebeon (MI) in the same family. These soils all have a lower mean annual air temperature than allowed for the Carway series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Carway soils
Parent material: loamy eolian sediments over a buried alluvial soil
Landform: concave interdunal depressions and low areas
Slopes: 0 to 1 percent
Elevation: 1515 to 1805 feet (461.8 to 550.2 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 57 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Mean annual precipitation: 24 to 35 inches (61 to 89 centimeters)
Wettest months: Mar. - Oct.
Driest months: Nov. - Feb.
Frost-free period: 187 to 225 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Carbika , Dillhut , Funmar , Hayes , Pratt, Saltcreek , Solvay , Taver and Turon series. The Carbika soils have a mollic epipedon and are fine textured. They are on similar positions. The moderately well drained, sandy Dillhut soils do not have an argillic horizon and are on low dunes. Funmar and Taver soils are moderately well drained and are on higher positions surrounding the depressions. The well drained, coarse-loamy Hayes soils are on dunes. The well drained, sandy Pratt and Turon soils are on dunes. The well drained, fine-loamy Saltcreek soils are on dunes. Solvay soils are better drained and do not have a buried soil with 30 to 45 percent clay, and are on slightly higher positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: somewhat poorly.
Runoff: very low
Permeability: moderate over very slow.
Episaturation: A perched water table is present with an upper limit of 0 to 24 inches (0 to 61 centimeters) and a lower limit of 37 to 49 inches (94 to 124 centimeters) during December through June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cultivated; winter wheat and grain sorghum are the principal crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas; 1995
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 7 inches (0 to 18 centimeters) (Ap) argillic horizon: The zone from 7 to 80 inches (18 to 203 centimeters) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, 2Btb1, 2Btb2, 2Btb3, 2Btb4, 2Btk) Water table: The presence of a perched water table from 0 to 2 feet (0 to 0.6 meters) during the months of Dec. - Jun.
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Eighth edition, 1998
ADDITIONAL DATA: Carway soils were formerly mapped as Carwile.
CARWAY SERIES
LRR=H
DATE: 02/22/95 Carway initial review draft created using 92KS155086. RMM., JCW.
12/10/99 : series established by Reno County final correlation.