LOCATION VANDALIA WV+KY OH
Established Series
RDJ-SLH/Rev. MDJ
09/2015
VANDALIA SERIES
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Vandalia silty clay loam on a 20 percent slope; in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 10 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 23 cm (4 to 9 inches) thick)
BA--13 to 20 cm (5 to 8 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; 10 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) thick)
Bt1--20 to 43 cm (8 to 17 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on ped faces; 10 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--43 to 84 cm (17 to 33 inches); reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) channery silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; common clay films on ped faces; 25 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--84 to 109 cm (33 to 43 inches); reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) channery silty clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few distinct clay films on ped faces; 30 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 73 to 152 cm (29 to 60 inches))
2C--109 to 183 cm (43 to 72 inches); weak red (10R 4/3) channery clay; structureless, massive; firm, very sticky and very plastic; 30 percent shale fragments; moderately acid. (13 to 74 cm (5 to 29 inches) thick)
TYPE LOCATION:
County: Wirt
State: West Virginia
USGS Quadrangle: Elizabeth, West Virginia
Latitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD83): 39.12583 N
Longitude (Decimal Degrees, NAD83): -81.41000 W
Directions: About 1 mile southwest of the confluence of the Little Kanawha and Hughes Rivers and about 1 mile northeast of West Virginia Route 14 and Beulah Church
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Argillic: 8 to 36 cm (3 to 14 inches)
Depth to the base of the Argillic: 81 to 170 cm (32 to 67 inches)
Solum Thickness: 94 to 173 cm (37 to 68 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 152 cm (60 inches)
Depth Class: Very deep
Rock Fragment content: 5 to 15 percent, by volume, in the Ap horizon; 5 to 40 percent, by volume, in the BA and Bt horizons; 5 to 50 percent, by volume, in the C horizon
Soil Reaction: Very strongly acid through moderately acid in the solum, except where limed; strongly acid through neutral in the C horizon
Range of Individual Horizons:
Ap or A horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or silty clay loam
E horizon (if present):
Color--hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam or silty clay loam
BA or BE horizon (if present):
Color--hue of 2.5YR through 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10R through 7.5YR, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
BC horizon (if present):
Color--hue of 10R through 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 through 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
C horizon:
Color--hue of 10R through 5YR, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay
COMPETING SERIES:
Beasley soils--have bedrock between 102 and 152 cm
Bledsoe soils--have hues of 10YR in the solum and substratum
Bonnell soils--formed in loess and underlying glacial till
Burklick soils--formed in loess and underlying clayey materials or residuum from dolomite or limestone
Caneyville soils--have bedrock between 50 and 102 cm
Eden soils--have bedrock between 50 and 102
Faywood soils--have bedrock between 50 and 102
Fredonia soils--have bedrock between 50 and 102 cm
Lowell soils--formed in limestone residuum and have hues of 10YR or 2.5Y in the solum and substratum
Markland soils--formed in loess and underlying calcareous, lacustrine sediment and have calcic horizons in the solum and substratum
Milton soils--have bedrock between 50 and 102 cm
Woodsfield soils--have free carbonates in the solum and substratum and formed in loess and underlying clayey residuum
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
MLRA(s) using this series: 124, 126
Landscape: Hills
Landform: Hillslope
Hillslope Profile Position: Footslope
Geomorphic Component: Base slope
Parent Material Origin: Weathered, interbedded siltstone, sandstone, and shale
Parent Material Kind: Colluvium
Slope: 3 to 60 percent
Elevation: 159 to 527 meters
Frost free period: 163 to 198 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 8 to 14 degrees C. (47 to 58 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 890 to 1320 mm (35 to 52 inches)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Gilpin soils--occur on uplands and are less than 100 cm to bedrock
Hackers soils--occur on flood plains and have less than 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Moshannon soils--occur on flood plains and have less than 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Peabody soils--occur on uplands and are less than 100 cm to bedrock
Upshur soils--occur on uplands and are less than 150 cm to bedrock
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: None
Index Surface Runoff: High or very high
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately low or moderately high in the solum and substratum, low or moderately low in the bedrock
Permeability Class (obsolete): Moderately slow or slow
Shrink-Swell Class: Moderate or high in the solum and substratum
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Pasture, hayland, and woodland
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--Pasture, hay, corn, soybeans, and wheat.
Where wooded--Mixed hardwoods, dominated by oak and maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Ohio, Kentucky, and West Virginia
Extent: Large, approximately 300,000 acres at the time of this revision
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reedy Creek Project, West Virginia, 1936.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 20 cm (A and BA horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 20 to 109 cm (Bt horizon)
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 150 cm
This edit updates the format to the MO6 semi tabular format; updates the Range of Individual Horizons, RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS, GEOGRAPHIC SETTING, GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS, and DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY sections.
Previous revisions: 07/2001-WJE, WFH, JCL
ADDITIONAL DATA:
The Ohio State University characterization data pedons are WS-018, AT-020, MO-012.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.