LOCATION MILLDRAPER VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Milldraper loam on a northeast facing slope in intermixed conifers and hardwoods tree cover at an elevation of 310 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Oi--0 to 2 inches; slightly decomposed plant material.
Oa--2 to 3 inches; highly decomposed plant material; common very fine and fine roots throughout and common medium throughout; clear smooth boundary.
Ap--3 to 8 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots, common medium roots and common very coarse roots; common very fine and fine low-continuity interstitial and common fine and medium moderate-continuity tubular pores; 10 percent angular 0.25 to 2 inch quartzite fragments; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt1--8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots, common medium roots and common very coarse roots; common very fine and fine low-continuity interstitial and tubular and common medium moderate-continuity tubular pores; 60 percent discontinuous faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), moist, clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent angular 0.25 to 3 inch quartzite fragments and 7 percent angular 0.25 to 3 inch schist fragments; extremely acid; diffuse wavy boundary.
Bt2--18 to 27 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) gravelly clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots, common medium roots and many coarse roots; common very fine and fine low-continuity interstitial and tubular and few medium moderate-continuity tubular pores; 70 percent discontinuous faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), moist, clay films on faces of peds; 3 percent angular 0.25 to 3 inch quartzite fragments and 25 percent angular 0.25 to 3 inch schist fragments; very strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary.
C--27 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly loam; massive; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots, few medium roots and common coarse roots; common very fine and fine low-continuity interstitial and tubular pores; 6 percent angular 0.25 to 3 inch quartzite fragments and 10 percent angular 0.25 to 3 inch schist fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Cr--34 to 47 inches; weathered bedrock
R--47 inches; bedrock
TYPE LOCATION: Culpeper County, Virginia; southwest from Edwards Shop 0.9 miles on Rt 620, southeast 0.5 miles on logging road, south-southwest 1300 feet on pipeline right-of-way, then 800 feet northwest in woods; U.S.G.S. Germanna Bridge topographic quadrangle; Latitude 38 degrees 25 minutes 55.10 seconds N and Longitude 77 degrees 46 minutes 56.60 seconds W. NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic ranges from 15 to 40 inches. Depth to paralithic contact ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to lithic contact ranges from 40 to 60 inches.
Some pedons have an A horizon, with hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is loam or silt loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 20 percent. Rock fragments are mainly medium and coarse metaquartzite, phyllite, and schist gravels. Reaction is extremely acid through very strongly acid.
The Ap horizon has a hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Rock fragments are mainly fine, medium, and coarse metaquartzite, phyllite, and schist gravels. Reaction is extremely acid to very strongly acid.
Some pedon have an E horizon with hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is loam or silt loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 15 percent. Rock fragments are mainly fine, medium, and coarse metaquartzite, phyllite, and schist gravels. Reaction is extremely acid to very strongly acid.
Some pedons have a BE horizon, with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5, chroma of 6. It is silt loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Rock fragments are mainly fine, medium, and coarse metaquartzite, phyllite, and schist gravels. Reaction is very strongly acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Rock fragments are mainly metaquartzite, phyllite, and schist fine, medium, and coarse gravels and cobbles. Reaction is very strongly acid to strongly acid
Some pedon have a BC horizon, with hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6. It is loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Rock fragments are mainly fine, medium, and coarse metaquartzite, phyllite, and schist gravels. Reaction is very strongly acid to strongly acid.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 2.5Y or variegated in hues of 2.5YR to 2.5Y and neutral, value of 3 to 8, and chroma of 4 to 8, or variegated 0 to 8. It is sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 60 percent. Rock fragments are mainly metaquartzite, phyllite, and schist gravels and cobbles. Reaction is very strongly acid to strongly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: Albemarle, Allegheny, Allenwoood, Arendtsville, Cades (tentative), Cardova (tentative), Chester, Chetwynd, Drapermill (tentative), Elsinboro, Eubanks, Frankstown, Gilwood, Glenelg, Grosstown (tentative), Happyland (tentative) Leck Kill, Lonon, Meadowville, Murrill, Nixon, Queponco, Reybold (tentative), Rhodhiss, Shouns, Tate, Ungers and Whiteford soils are competing series. Allegheny, Allenwoood, Cades (tentative), Chester, Chetwynd, Elsinboro, Frankstown, Glenelg, Happyland (tentative), Grosstown (tentative), Leck Kill, Lonon, Meadowville, Murrill, Nixon, Queponco (tentative), Reybold (tentative), Rhodhiss (tentative), Shouns, Tate, Ungers and Whiteford soils are greater than 60 inches to lithic or paralithic contact. Allegheny, Cades (tentative), Elsinboro and Nixon soils develop in alluvium. Meadowville soils develop in alluvium over residuum of basic and acidic rock. Lonon, Murrill, Shouns and Tate soils develop in colluvium. Queponco (tentative) and Reybold (tentative) soils develop in fluvio-marine sediments. Allenwood soils develop in glacial till. Chester soils develop in residuum of micaceous schist. Chetwynd soils develop in glacial outwash. Frankstown soils develop in residuum of limestone and limy shale and siltstone. Glenelg soils develop in residuum of micaceous schist. Happylans soils develop in residuum of metamonzonite, schist, gneiss, and phyllite. Leck Kill soils develop in glacial till or residuum of red shale, siltstone and sandstone. Rhodhiss (tentative) soils develop in residuum of acid crystalline rock in MLRA 136. Ungers soils develop in residuum of red sandstone and shale. Whiteford soils develop in residuum of dark colored slate. Albemarle and Eubanks soils are deep to paralithic or lithic contact. Albemarle soils develop in residuum of arkosic metasandstone. Eubanks soils develop in residuum of granodiorites. Drapermill (tentative) and Gilwood soils are moderately deep to lithic contact. Drapermill soils develop in residuum of schist and phyllite. Gilwood soils develop in residuum of siltstone. Cardova soils develop in residdum or graphitic phyllite.
Caylor (inactive) and Naceville (inactive) are soils in a related family and may become competitors as their classification is updated to the eighth edition of soil taxonomy. Caylor (inactive)and Naceville (inactive) are very deep to lithic or paralithic contact.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Milldraper soils formed in residuum from schist and phyllite on side slopes and nose slopes of ridges in the Northern Piedmont. Slope gradients range from 3 to 45 percent. Mean annual air temperature 55.7 degrees F., with average winter temperature of 35.4 degrees F and average summer temperature of 74.6 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 36.47 to 48.39 inches, frost free days range from 237 to 185 days, and elevation ranges from 100 feet to 400 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Penhook (tentative), Yellowbottom (tentative), Happyland (tentative), Goldvein, Flume (tentative) and Blocktown. Penhook (tentative), Yellowbottom (tentative), Happyland (tentative), Goldvein, Flume (tentative) soils have paralithic and lithic contacts at depths greater than 60 inches. The well drained Penhook, Yellowbottom (tentative) and Happyland (tentative) soils are on adjacent summits, shoulders and less steep sideslopes. The moderately well drained Flume and Goldvein soils are on summits and shoulders of sideslopes and headslopes. The well drained Blocktown, which are shallower to bedrock and contain more rock fragments, are on similar landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to high. Permeability is moderately rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mainly in woodlands. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods, but much has been harvested and replanted to pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 136 and 148. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES PROPOSED: Culpeper County, Virginia, 2004.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) ochric epipedon - from 0 to 8 inches (Oi, Oa, and A horizons)
2) argillic horizon - from 8 to 27 inches (Bt horizons)
3) paralithic contact - 34 inches
4) lithic contact - 47 inches.