LOCATION COSPERVILLE IN
Established Series
Rev. RAB-FF-TRZ
11/2021
COSPERVILLE SERIES
The Cosperville series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in till and the underlying outwash on outwash floored till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 mm (36 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Cosperville loam, on a convex, 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 271 meters(888 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 15 cm (6 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak thin platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; many very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine and medium interstitial and tubular pores; 3 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine and medium interstitial and tubular pores; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Ap horizon is (15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches).]
Bt1--23 to 41 cm (9 to 16 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine and medium tubular pores; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) silt coatings on vertical faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--41 to 56 cm (16 to 22 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine distinct very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) spherical extremely weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--56 to 74 cm (22 to 29 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine distinct very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) spherical extremely weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4--74 to 96 cm (29 to 38 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine prominent very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1) spherical extremely weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 51 to 114 cm (20 to 45 inches).]
BCt--96 to 122 cm (38 to 48 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) spherical carbonate masses; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 30 cm (12 inches) thick]
CBt--122 to 163 cm (48 to 64 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thick platy; friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) spherical carbonate masses; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 30 cm (12 inches) thick]
C1--163 to 193 cm (64 to 76 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak thick platy; friable; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; common medium prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) carbonate masses; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 112 cm (44 inches) thick]
2C2--193 to 213 cm (76 to 84 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand and sand; single grain; loose; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1/2 mile north of Millersburg; 1,290 feet east and 2,590 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Millersburg, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 31 minutes 52 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 41 minutes 40 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 608914 easting and 4598547 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 91 to 178 cm (36 to 70 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 76 to 178 cm (30 to 70 inches)
Thickness of the till: 102 to 203 cm (40 to 80 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 35 to 45 percent clay
Rock fragments: of mixed lithology throughout the control section
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4, 6 or more dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
E, EB, or BE horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam, clay loam, or silty clay
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid or slightly acid in the upper part and slightly acid or neutral in the lower part
BCt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay loam or silty clay loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline
CBt or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loam or clay loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 35 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sand, gravelly sand, or fine sand
Sand content: averages more than 85 percent sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 20 to 50 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Beasley,
Bledsoe,
Bonnell,
Brashear,
Bratton,
Bucklick,
Caneyville,
Donahue,
Eden,
Elba,
Enott,
Estate,
Faywood,
Fredonia,
Haggatt,
Heitt,
Heverlo,
Jessup,
Kewaunee,
Lowell,
Markland,
Milton,
Mountpleasant,
Muncie,
Shrouts, and
Vandalia series. Beasley soils typically have a paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Bledsoe and Brashear soils are in areas with mean annual precipitation greater than 1016 mm (40 inches). Bonnell soils are more acid than moderately acid in the upper part of the argillic horizon. Bratton, Caneyville, Donahue, Faywood, Fredonia, and Milton soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Bucklick and Vandalia soils have hue redder than 7.5YR in a subhorizon of the argillic horizon. Eden, Heverlo, and Shrouts soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Elba and Lowell soils have rock fragments of limestone, siltstone, and shale in the lower part of the series control section. Enott soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Estate soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments in the upper part of the series control section. Haggatt soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Heitt and Mountpleasant soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Jessup soils have more than 50 percent silt in the upper part of the series control section. Kewaunee soils have hue redder than 7.5YR in the Bt horizon. Markland soils have a Btk horizon in the series control section. Muncie soils are not clearly differentiated from the Cosperville soils because of overlapping properties within the series control section. Muncie soils are greater than 183 cm (6 feet) to a seasonal high water table and Cosperville soils have a seasonal high water table at a depth ranging from 91 to 183 cm (3 and 6 feet). However, redox depletions in Cosperville soils are not always present within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cosperville soils are on swells on outwash floored till plains of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Cosperville soils formed in 102 to 203 cm (40 to 30 inches) of till and the underlying sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1016 mm (32 to 40 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 10.0 to 11.1 degrees C (50 to 52 degrees F). Frost-free period is 150 to 180 days. Elevation is 183 to 466 meters (600 to 1,530 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Blount,
Glynwood,
Kimmell, and
Pewamo soils. The somewhat poorly drained Blount and Kimmell soils and the moderately well drained Glynwood soils are on lower lying swells on till plains. The very poorly drained Pewamo soils are in depressions on till plains.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 91 to 183 cm (3 to 6 feet) for some time in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the solum, moderately low in the till substratum, and very high in the sandy outwash. Permeability is moderately slow in the solum, slow in the upper part of the underlying material, and rapid in the lower part.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used to grow corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay. Native vegetation is hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111C in north-central Indiana. The series is of small extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (9 inches) (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 23 to 86 cm (9 to 38 inches) (Bt horizon).
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124260 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124259 represents Cosperville A slope (0 to 2 percent) phase in north-central Indiana.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S94IN-039-7) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data is on file for the typical pedon (T94IN-039-120) at the MLRA Project Office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Cosperville soils and 30 percent Cosperville, eroded.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.