LOCATION SOLWAY TN+MNInactive Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Solway silty clay loam, on a convex 23 percent
slope, in cedars and broomsedge.
(Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 4 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) silty clay loam;
weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick).
B21t--4 to 7 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) silty clay;
strong medium blocky and subangular blocky structure; firm;
plastic; common fine roots; many thin patchy clay films on faces
of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick).
B22t--7 to 16 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay;
strong medium blocky structure; very firm; very plastic; few fine roots; continuous clay films; mildly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick).
B23t--16 to 29 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) shaly clay;
strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium platy; firm; plastic; few fine roots; continuous
clay films; about 25 percent by volume fragments of shale; mildly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick).
B3--29 to 33 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) very shaly silty
clay; weak medium platy structure; firm; plastic; about 50 percent
by volume fragments of shale; mildly alkaline. (0 to 5 inches thick).
Cr--33 inches; calcareous shale.
TYPE LOCATION: Anderson County, Tennessee; 3.5 miles south of Oak Ridge Animal Research Laboratory on Bethel Valley Road; West on
Weis Road, .25 mile; 300 feet east of Weis Road under power line.
Range In Characteristics: Solum thickness and depth to rippable bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Reaction ranges from
strongly acid to neutral in the A horizon and from medium acid to mildly alkaline in the B horizon. Coarse fragments of shale range from 0 to 15 percent by volume in the A horizon, from 0 to 35
percent by volume in the B2t horizon and from 10 to 60 percent by volume in the B3 horizon. Fragments of shale dominantly are 1 to
3 inches in size but range from 1 to 6 inches. Sand content is
less than 10 percent in the control section.
The Ap horizon has hue of 5YR, 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 through 5 and chroma of 3 through 4. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay
or silt loam. The A1 horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR,
value of 4 or 3 and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or
silty clay loam.
The B2t horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and chroma 4 or 6. Texture is clay or silty clay or their shaly analogues. Some pedons have a B1 horizon with color similar to
the above. Texture is mainly silty clay and clay but the range includes silty clay loam and silt loam.
The B3 horizon has hue of 5YR, 2.5YR or 10R, value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2 or 6. Texture is clay, silty clay, silty clay loam or their shaly or very shaly analogues.
Some pedons have a C horizon with color and texture similar to the
B3 horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bardley,
Beasley,
Bland,
Brashear,
Bratton,
Briggsville,
Brookside,
Caneyville,
Carbo,
Chrome,
Derinda,
Donahue,
Eden,
Edenton,
Elba,
Eldean,
Faywood,
Fredonia,
Gatewood,
Hagerstown,
Heitt, Kewannee,
Lowell,
Markland,
Medary,
Miamian,
Milton, Ozankee,
Pate,
Shrouts,
Switzerland,
Upshur,
Vandalia,
Vincent,
Woodsfield and
Wynn series in the same family. Bardley, Bland, Bratton, Caneyville, Carbo, Chrome,
Donahue, Faywood, Fredonia, Gatewood, and Milton soils have lithic contacts within 40 inches of the surface. Beasley, Brashear, Briggsville, Brookside, Elba, Eldean, Hagerstown, Heitt, Kewannee, Lowell, Markland, Medary, Miamian, Ozankee, Switzerland, Upshur, Vandalia, Vincent, and Woodsfield soils do not have a lithic or paralithic contact within 40 inches of the surface. Derinda,
Eden, Edenton, and Wynn soils have 7.5YR or yellower hues in the B horizon. Shrouts soils have sola less than 20 inches thick
In addition,
Beasley,
Brashear,
Faywood,
Heitt,
Lowell and
Shrouts soils have 7.5YR or yellower hues in the B horizon, and Donahue
soils have loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam B21t horizons.
Vandalia soils contain coarse fragments of sandstone and have more than 10 percent sand on the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Solway soils are on the sides of hills and ridges. Slopes range from 5 to 45 percent. These soils formed in material weathered from calcareous shale or siltstone with seams
of hard shaly limestone in a few places. Near the type location average annual air temperature is about 57 degrees F. Average
annual rainfall is about 54 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are soils of the
Bodine,
Carbo,
Collegedale,
Fullerton, and
Talbott series. Bodine and Fullerton soils are on higher lying ridges and sideslopes. Bodine soils are cherty and deep to bedrock. Fullerton soils are deep
and base saturation is below 35. Carbo, Collegedale, and Talbott soils lie below on adjacent sideslopes. Carbo soils are more
yellow and have fewer fragments of shale in the lower B horizon. Talbott and Collegedale soils do not have fragments of shale and
have mottles in the B horizon. Talbott soils are underlain by
hard limestone bedrock at a depth less than 40 inches.
Collegedale soils are underlain by limestone bedrock at a depth greater than 60 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Solway soils are well drained. Runoff
is rapid and permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas were formerly cleared and used for pasture or grain and hay. Many areas have reverted to woodland or are idle. Cedars, Virginia pine, southern red oak, hickory and
white oak are dominant.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Great Valley in Tennessee, Kentucky,
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
West Virginia and Virginia. The series is of small extent.
Series Proposed: Anderson County, Tennessee; 1976. The name is
from a community in Anderson County.
REMARKS: These soils were formerly included with the Upshur
series.