LOCATION NORFOLK NC+AL AR FL GA SC VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Norfolk loamy sand--cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; darker-colored material in old root channels; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
E--9 to 14 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; darker-colored material in old root channels; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--17 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine and medium pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--38 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and few prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron and few fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--58 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron and pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; 1 percent, firm yellowish red plinthite nodules; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizon is 40 to more than 60 inches.)
BC--70 to 82 inches; variegated brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; 5 percent firm, brittle plinthite nodules; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to more than 15 inches thick)
C--82 to 100 inches; variegated red (2.5YR 4/8), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; massive; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Robeson County, North Carolina; 1.25 miles south of Parkton; 300 feet west of State Road 1724 and 60 feet south of farm road.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the sandy surface and subsurface layers: 3 to 19 inches
Depth to top of the Argillic horizon: 3 to 19 inches
Depth to the base of the Argillic horizon: 60 to more than 80 inches
Depth to top of the Kandic horizon: 3 to 19 inches
Depth to bedrock: Greater than 80 inches
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: 40 to 72 inches, January to March
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid, throughout except where limed
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 5 percent, by volume throughout; mostly quartz pebbles or ironstone nodules
Plinthite Content: 0 to 4 percent to a depth of 60 inches and 0 to 10 percent or more below 60 inches
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap horizon or A horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 1 to 4
Texture--loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand. Some pedons are fine sand or sand.
E horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 2 to 6
Texture--loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand. Some pedons are fine sand or sand.
BE horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture--sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Bt horizon (upper):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Redoximorphic features (where present)--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, or olive
Bt horizon (lower):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, chroma of 3 to 8
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
BC horizon or BCt horizon (where present):
Color--hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, chroma of 3 to 8, or variegated in shades of these colors
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay, or clay
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized iron in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
C horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 8, chroma of 3 to 8, or is variegated in shades of these colors
Texture--loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay. Some pedons have layers of coarser or finer textured materials.
Redoximorphic features--masses of oxidized in shades of red, yellow, or brown and iron depletions in shades of brown, yellow, olive, or gray
COMPETING SERIES:
Orangeburg soils--have hue of 5YR or redder throughout the Bt horizon
Thursa soils--have hue of 5YR or redder below the upper 10 inches of the Bt horizon
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Lower, middle, or upper coastal plain
Landform: Uplands or marine terraces
Geomorphic Component: Interfluve, side slopes
Hillslope Profile Position: Summits, shoulders, backslopes
Parent Material: Marine deposits or fluviomarine deposits
Elevation: 30 to 450 feet
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 57 to 70 degrees F.
Mean Annual Precipitation: 35 to 55 inches
Frost Free Period: 190 to 245 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Aycock soils--are in a fine-silty family
Bonneau soils--have an arenic soil surface
Butters soils--are in a coarse-loamy family
Caroline soils--are in a fine family
Craven soils--are in a fine family
Duplin soils--are in a fine family
Exum soils--are in a fine-silty family
Faceville soils--are in a fine family
Foreston soils--are in a coarse-loamy family
Goldsboro soils--are moderately well drained
Marlboro soils--are in a fine family
Noboco soils--have siliceous mineralogy
Lakeland soils--are sandy throughout
Lynchburg soils--are somewhat poorly drained
Rains soils--are poorly drained soils
Orangeburg soils--have hue of 5YR or redder throughout the Bt horizon
Pantego soils--are very poorly drained soils
Thursa soils--have hue of 5YR or redder below the upper 10 inches of the Bt horizon
Wagram soils--have an arenic soil surface
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Depth Class: Very deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Deep, transitory or very deep
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible to medium
Permeability: Moderate (Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Moderately high)
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Mostly cleared and used for general farm crops.
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--corn, cotton, peanuts, tobacco, and soybeans. Where wooded--pines and mixed hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia
Extent: Large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cecil County, Maryland; 1900.
REMARKS: The June, 1988 revision recognized the low activity clay properties of this soil as defined in the low activity clay amendment of Soil Taxonomy, August
1986. 10/2004, changed water table from 4.0-6.0 ft to 3.3-6.0 ft to cover depth that would be included in the typic subgroup versus associated soils in the Oxyaquic subgroup. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 14 inches (A and E horizons)
Kandic horizon--the zone between 14 and 70 inches (Bt horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone between depths of 14 and 70 inches (Bt horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA: (1) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey Laboratory Data and Descriptions for Some Soils of Georgia, North and South Carolina. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 16; SCS, in cooperation with Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Stations; Pages 65, 67, 69. (2) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Certain Properties of Selected Southeastern United States Soils and Mineralogical Procedures for Their Study, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 61 (S-14); Soil Conservation Service, Agricultural Research Service and cooperating Experiment Stations; tables 64, 67, 68. (3) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Selected Coastal Plain Soil Properties, Southern Cooperative Service and cooperating Experiment Stations; pages 40, 42, 44, 46.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0037 NORFOLK 0-10 57-70 190-245 35-55 30-450SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0037 NONE 3.3-6.0 APPARENT JAN-MAR >80 -
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0037 0-14 SL FSL 0-0 95-100 5-18 1-4 NC0037 0-14 LS LFS 0-0 92-100 2-8 1-3 NC0037 14-38 SL SCL CL 0-0 91-100 18-35 2-4 NC0037 38-70 SCL CL SC 0-0 98-100 20-43 2-5 NC0037 70-100 VAR - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M . Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0037 0-14 3.5-5.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 2.0-6.0 LOW NC0037 0-14 3.5-5.5 0.5-2.0 0-0 6.0-20 LOW NC0037 14-38 3.5-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0037 38-70 3.5-5.5 0.0-0.5 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW NC0037 70-100 - - - -